Online Allocation with Multi-Class Arrivals: Group Fairness vs Individual Welfare

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Zargari, Faraz, Jazi, Hossein Nekouyan, Sun, Bo, Tan, Xiaoqi
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Zargari, Faraz
Jazi, Hossein Nekouyan
Sun, Bo
Tan, Xiaoqi
author_facet Zargari, Faraz
Jazi, Hossein Nekouyan
Sun, Bo
Tan, Xiaoqi
contents We introduce and study a multi-class online resource allocation problem with group fairness guarantees. The problem involves allocating a fixed amount of resources to a sequence of agents, each belonging to a specific group. The primary objective is to ensure fairness across different groups in an online setting. We focus on three fairness notions: one based on quantity and two based on utility. To achieve fair allocations, we develop two threshold-based online algorithms, proving their optimality under two fairness notions and near-optimality for the more challenging one. Additionally, we demonstrate a fundamental trade-off between group fairness and individual welfare using a novel representative function-based approach. To address this trade-off, we propose a set-aside multi-threshold algorithm that reserves a portion of the resource to ensure fairness across groups while utilizing the remaining resource to optimize efficiency under utility-based fairness notions. This algorithm is proven to achieve the Pareto-optimal trade-off. We also demonstrate that our problem can model a wide range of real-world applications, including network caching and cloud computing, and empirically evaluate our proposed algorithms in the network caching problem using real datasets.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_15782
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Online Allocation with Multi-Class Arrivals: Group Fairness vs Individual Welfare
Zargari, Faraz
Jazi, Hossein Nekouyan
Sun, Bo
Tan, Xiaoqi
Computer Science and Game Theory
Data Structures and Algorithms
We introduce and study a multi-class online resource allocation problem with group fairness guarantees. The problem involves allocating a fixed amount of resources to a sequence of agents, each belonging to a specific group. The primary objective is to ensure fairness across different groups in an online setting. We focus on three fairness notions: one based on quantity and two based on utility. To achieve fair allocations, we develop two threshold-based online algorithms, proving their optimality under two fairness notions and near-optimality for the more challenging one. Additionally, we demonstrate a fundamental trade-off between group fairness and individual welfare using a novel representative function-based approach. To address this trade-off, we propose a set-aside multi-threshold algorithm that reserves a portion of the resource to ensure fairness across groups while utilizing the remaining resource to optimize efficiency under utility-based fairness notions. This algorithm is proven to achieve the Pareto-optimal trade-off. We also demonstrate that our problem can model a wide range of real-world applications, including network caching and cloud computing, and empirically evaluate our proposed algorithms in the network caching problem using real datasets.
title Online Allocation with Multi-Class Arrivals: Group Fairness vs Individual Welfare
topic Computer Science and Game Theory
Data Structures and Algorithms
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.15782