Kairos: Energy-Efficient Radio Unit Control for O-RAN via Advanced Sleep Modes
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866912205490880512 |
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| author | Lozano, J. Xavier Salvat Ayala-Romero, Jose A. Garcia-Saavedra, Andres Costa-Perez, Xavier |
| author_facet | Lozano, J. Xavier Salvat Ayala-Romero, Jose A. Garcia-Saavedra, Andres Costa-Perez, Xavier |
| contents | The high energy footprint of 5G base stations, particularly the radio units (RUs), poses a significant environmental and economic challenge. We introduce Kairos, a novel approach to maximize the energy-saving potential of O-RAN's Advanced Sleep Modes (ASMs). Unlike state-of-the-art solutions, which often rely on complex ASM selection algorithms unsuitable for time-constrained base stations and fail to guarantee stringent QoS demands, Kairos offers a simple yet effective joint ASM selection and radio scheduling policy capable of real-time operation. This policy is then optimized using a data-driven algorithm within an xApp, which enables several key innovations: (i) a dimensionality-invariant encoder to handle variable input sizes (e.g., time-varying network slices), (ii) distributional critics to accurately model QoS metrics and ensure constraint satisfaction, and (iii) a single-actor-multiple-critic architecture to effectively manage multiple constraints. Through experimental analysis on a commercial RU and trace-driven simulations, we demonstrate Kairos's potential to achieve energy reductions ranging between 15% and 72% while meeting QoS requirements, offering a practical solution for cost- and energy-efficient 5G networks. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_15853 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Kairos: Energy-Efficient Radio Unit Control for O-RAN via Advanced Sleep Modes Lozano, J. Xavier Salvat Ayala-Romero, Jose A. Garcia-Saavedra, Andres Costa-Perez, Xavier Networking and Internet Architecture The high energy footprint of 5G base stations, particularly the radio units (RUs), poses a significant environmental and economic challenge. We introduce Kairos, a novel approach to maximize the energy-saving potential of O-RAN's Advanced Sleep Modes (ASMs). Unlike state-of-the-art solutions, which often rely on complex ASM selection algorithms unsuitable for time-constrained base stations and fail to guarantee stringent QoS demands, Kairos offers a simple yet effective joint ASM selection and radio scheduling policy capable of real-time operation. This policy is then optimized using a data-driven algorithm within an xApp, which enables several key innovations: (i) a dimensionality-invariant encoder to handle variable input sizes (e.g., time-varying network slices), (ii) distributional critics to accurately model QoS metrics and ensure constraint satisfaction, and (iii) a single-actor-multiple-critic architecture to effectively manage multiple constraints. Through experimental analysis on a commercial RU and trace-driven simulations, we demonstrate Kairos's potential to achieve energy reductions ranging between 15% and 72% while meeting QoS requirements, offering a practical solution for cost- and energy-efficient 5G networks. |
| title | Kairos: Energy-Efficient Radio Unit Control for O-RAN via Advanced Sleep Modes |
| topic | Networking and Internet Architecture |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.15853 |