Effects of Thermodynamics on the Concurrent Accretion and Migration of Gas Giants in Protoplanetary Disks
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Wu, Hening Li, Ya-ping |
| author_facet | Wu, Hening Li, Ya-ping |
| contents | Accretion and migration usually proceeds concurrently for giant planet formation in the natal protoplanetary disks. Recent works indicate that the concurrent accretion onto a giant planet imposes significant impact on the planetary migration dynamics in the isothermal regime. In this work, we carry out a series of 2D global hydrodynamical simulations with Athena++ to explore the effect of thermodynamics on the concurrent accretion and migration process of the planets in a self-consistent manner. The thermodynamics effect is modeled with a thermal relaxation timescale using a $β$-cooling prescription. Our results indicate that radiative cooling has a substantial effect on the accretion and migration processes of the planet. As cooling timescales increase, we observe a slight decrease in the planetary accretion rate, and a transition from the outward migrating into inward migration. This transition occurs approximately when the cooling timescale is comparable to the local dynamical timescale ($β\sim1$), which is closely linked to the asymmetric structures from the circumplanetary disk (CPD) region. The asymmetric structures in the CPD region which appear with an efficient cooling provide a strong positive torque driving the planet migrate outward. However, such a positive torque is strongly suppressed, when the CPD structures tend to disappear with a relatively long cooling timescale ($β\gtrsim10$). Our findings may also be relevant to the dynamical evolution of accreting stellar-mass objects embedded in disks around active galactic nuclei. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_15874 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Effects of Thermodynamics on the Concurrent Accretion and Migration of Gas Giants in Protoplanetary Disks Wu, Hening Li, Ya-ping Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Accretion and migration usually proceeds concurrently for giant planet formation in the natal protoplanetary disks. Recent works indicate that the concurrent accretion onto a giant planet imposes significant impact on the planetary migration dynamics in the isothermal regime. In this work, we carry out a series of 2D global hydrodynamical simulations with Athena++ to explore the effect of thermodynamics on the concurrent accretion and migration process of the planets in a self-consistent manner. The thermodynamics effect is modeled with a thermal relaxation timescale using a $β$-cooling prescription. Our results indicate that radiative cooling has a substantial effect on the accretion and migration processes of the planet. As cooling timescales increase, we observe a slight decrease in the planetary accretion rate, and a transition from the outward migrating into inward migration. This transition occurs approximately when the cooling timescale is comparable to the local dynamical timescale ($β\sim1$), which is closely linked to the asymmetric structures from the circumplanetary disk (CPD) region. The asymmetric structures in the CPD region which appear with an efficient cooling provide a strong positive torque driving the planet migrate outward. However, such a positive torque is strongly suppressed, when the CPD structures tend to disappear with a relatively long cooling timescale ($β\gtrsim10$). Our findings may also be relevant to the dynamical evolution of accreting stellar-mass objects embedded in disks around active galactic nuclei. |
| title | Effects of Thermodynamics on the Concurrent Accretion and Migration of Gas Giants in Protoplanetary Disks |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.15874 |