Beyond traditional box-covering: Determining the fractal dimension of complex networks using a fixed number of boxes of flexible diameter

Fuente: arXiv
Salvato in:
Dettagli Bibliografici
Autori principali: Lepek, Michal, Makulski, Kordian, Fronczak, Agata, Fronczak, Piotr
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
Soggetti:
Accesso online:
Tags: Aggiungi Tag
Nessun Tag, puoi essere il primo ad aggiungerne!!
_version_ 1866915504025763840
author Lepek, Michal
Makulski, Kordian
Fronczak, Agata
Fronczak, Piotr
author_facet Lepek, Michal
Makulski, Kordian
Fronczak, Agata
Fronczak, Piotr
contents In this article, we present a novel box-covering algorithm for analyzing the fractal properties of complex networks. Unlike traditional algorithms that impose a predetermined box size, our approach assigns nodes to boxes identified by their nearest local hubs without enforcing rigid distance constraints. This flexibility leads to a key methodological shift: instead of fixing the box size in advance, we first determine the number of boxes and then compute their average size. We argue that this procedure is fully consistent with the recently proposed scaling theory of fractal complex networks and closely related to the concept of hidden metric spaces in which network nodes are embedded. We demonstrate that our approach not only significantly reduces computational complexity compared to existing methods, but also (despite relaxing constraints on box diameter) covers networks using boxes of more similar sizes than, for instance, the classical greedy coloring (GC) algorithm. To evaluate the effectiveness of our method, we analyze nine complex networks (three model-based and six real-world) representing a broad spectrum: from networks with confirmed fractality, through those with initially uncertain, but here confirmed, fractal properties (such as the Internet at the level of autonomous systems), to large-scale networks that have so far remained beyond the reach of existing algorithms due to their size.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_16030
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Beyond traditional box-covering: Determining the fractal dimension of complex networks using a fixed number of boxes of flexible diameter
Lepek, Michal
Makulski, Kordian
Fronczak, Agata
Fronczak, Piotr
Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
Computational Physics
Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
In this article, we present a novel box-covering algorithm for analyzing the fractal properties of complex networks. Unlike traditional algorithms that impose a predetermined box size, our approach assigns nodes to boxes identified by their nearest local hubs without enforcing rigid distance constraints. This flexibility leads to a key methodological shift: instead of fixing the box size in advance, we first determine the number of boxes and then compute their average size. We argue that this procedure is fully consistent with the recently proposed scaling theory of fractal complex networks and closely related to the concept of hidden metric spaces in which network nodes are embedded. We demonstrate that our approach not only significantly reduces computational complexity compared to existing methods, but also (despite relaxing constraints on box diameter) covers networks using boxes of more similar sizes than, for instance, the classical greedy coloring (GC) algorithm. To evaluate the effectiveness of our method, we analyze nine complex networks (three model-based and six real-world) representing a broad spectrum: from networks with confirmed fractality, through those with initially uncertain, but here confirmed, fractal properties (such as the Internet at the level of autonomous systems), to large-scale networks that have so far remained beyond the reach of existing algorithms due to their size.
title Beyond traditional box-covering: Determining the fractal dimension of complex networks using a fixed number of boxes of flexible diameter
topic Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
Computational Physics
Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.16030