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Main Authors: Clément, François, Steinerberger, Stefan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.16285
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author Clément, François
Steinerberger, Stefan
author_facet Clément, François
Steinerberger, Stefan
contents The Ulam sequence, described by Stanislaw Ulam in the 1960s, starts $1,2$ and then iteratively adds the smallest integer that can be uniquely written as the sum of two distinct earlier terms: this gives $1,2,3,4,6,8,11,\dots$. Already in 1972 the great French poet Raymond Queneau wrote that it `gives an impression of great irregularity'. This irregularity appears to have a lot of structure which has inspired a great deal of work; nonetheless, very little is rigorously proven. We improve the best upper bound on its growth and show that at least some small gaps have to exist: for some $c>0$ and all $n \in \mathbb{N}$ $$ \min_{1 \leq k \leq n} \frac{a_{k+1}}{a_k} \leq 1 + c\frac{\log{n}}{n}.$$
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_16285
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Small gaps in the Ulam sequence
Clément, François
Steinerberger, Stefan
Combinatorics
The Ulam sequence, described by Stanislaw Ulam in the 1960s, starts $1,2$ and then iteratively adds the smallest integer that can be uniquely written as the sum of two distinct earlier terms: this gives $1,2,3,4,6,8,11,\dots$. Already in 1972 the great French poet Raymond Queneau wrote that it `gives an impression of great irregularity'. This irregularity appears to have a lot of structure which has inspired a great deal of work; nonetheless, very little is rigorously proven. We improve the best upper bound on its growth and show that at least some small gaps have to exist: for some $c>0$ and all $n \in \mathbb{N}$ $$ \min_{1 \leq k \leq n} \frac{a_{k+1}}{a_k} \leq 1 + c\frac{\log{n}}{n}.$$
title Small gaps in the Ulam sequence
topic Combinatorics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.16285