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Main Authors: Zhao, Tianzi, Liu, Xinran, Zhang, Zhaoxin, Zhao, Dong, Li, Ning, Zhang, Zhichao, Wang, Xinye
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.16392
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author Zhao, Tianzi
Liu, Xinran
Zhang, Zhaoxin
Zhao, Dong
Li, Ning
Zhang, Zhichao
Wang, Xinye
author_facet Zhao, Tianzi
Liu, Xinran
Zhang, Zhaoxin
Zhao, Dong
Li, Ning
Zhang, Zhichao
Wang, Xinye
contents Fine-grained IP geolocation plays a critical role in applications such as location-based services and cybersecurity. Most existing fine-grained IP geolocation methods are regression-based; however, due to noise in the input data, these methods typically encounter kilometer-level prediction errors and provide incorrect region information for users. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel hierarchical multi-label classification framework for IP region prediction, named HMCGeo. This framework treats IP geolocation as a hierarchical multi-label classification problem and employs residual connection-based feature extraction and attention prediction units to predict the target host region across multiple geographical granularities. Furthermore, we introduce probabilistic classification loss during training, combining it with hierarchical cross-entropy loss to form a composite loss function. This approach optimizes predictions by utilizing hierarchical constraints between regions at different granularities. IP region prediction experiments on the New York, Los Angeles, and Shanghai datasets demonstrate that HMCGeo achieves superior performance across all geographical granularities, significantly outperforming existing IP geolocation methods.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_16392
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle HMCGeo: IP Region Prediction Based on Hierarchical Multi-label Classification
Zhao, Tianzi
Liu, Xinran
Zhang, Zhaoxin
Zhao, Dong
Li, Ning
Zhang, Zhichao
Wang, Xinye
Machine Learning
Fine-grained IP geolocation plays a critical role in applications such as location-based services and cybersecurity. Most existing fine-grained IP geolocation methods are regression-based; however, due to noise in the input data, these methods typically encounter kilometer-level prediction errors and provide incorrect region information for users. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel hierarchical multi-label classification framework for IP region prediction, named HMCGeo. This framework treats IP geolocation as a hierarchical multi-label classification problem and employs residual connection-based feature extraction and attention prediction units to predict the target host region across multiple geographical granularities. Furthermore, we introduce probabilistic classification loss during training, combining it with hierarchical cross-entropy loss to form a composite loss function. This approach optimizes predictions by utilizing hierarchical constraints between regions at different granularities. IP region prediction experiments on the New York, Los Angeles, and Shanghai datasets demonstrate that HMCGeo achieves superior performance across all geographical granularities, significantly outperforming existing IP geolocation methods.
title HMCGeo: IP Region Prediction Based on Hierarchical Multi-label Classification
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.16392