Searching for GEMS: Discovery and Characterization of Two Brown Dwarfs Around M Dwarfs
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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2025
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| author | Larsen, Alexander Swaby, Tera N. Kobulnicky, Henry A. Canas, Caleb I. Kanodia, Shubham Libby-Roberts, Jessica Monson, Andrew Gupta, Arvind Cochran, William Mahadevan, Suvrath Bender, Chad Diddams, Scott A. Halverson, Samuel Lin, Andrea S. J. Moe, Maxwell Ninan, Joe Robertson, Paul Roy, Arpita Schwab, Christian Stefansson, Gudmunder |
| author_facet | Larsen, Alexander Swaby, Tera N. Kobulnicky, Henry A. Canas, Caleb I. Kanodia, Shubham Libby-Roberts, Jessica Monson, Andrew Gupta, Arvind Cochran, William Mahadevan, Suvrath Bender, Chad Diddams, Scott A. Halverson, Samuel Lin, Andrea S. J. Moe, Maxwell Ninan, Joe Robertson, Paul Roy, Arpita Schwab, Christian Stefansson, Gudmunder |
| contents | Brown dwarfs bridge the gap between stars and planets, providing valuable insight into both planetary and stellar formation mechanisms. Yet the census of transiting brown dwarf companions, in particular around M dwarf stars, remains incomplete. We report the discovery of two transiting brown dwarfs around low-mass hosts using a combination of space- and ground-based photometry along with near-infrared radial velocities. We characterize TOI-5389Ab ($68.0^{+2.2}_{-2.2} \ \mj$) and TOI-5610b ($40.4^{+1.0}_{-1.0} \ \mj$), two moderately massive brown dwarfs orbiting early M dwarf hosts ($\teff = 3569 \pm 59 \ K$ and $3618 \pm 59 \ K$, respectively). For TOI-5389Ab, the best fitting parameters are period $P=10.40046 \pm 0.00002$ days, radius $R_{\rm BD}=0.824^{+0.033}_{-0.031}$~\rj, and low eccentricity $e=0.0962^{+0.0027}_{-0.0046}$. In particular, this constitutes one of the most extreme substellar-stellar companion-to-host mass ratios of $q=0.150$. For TOI-5610b, the best fitting parameters are period $P=7.95346 \pm 0.00002$ days, radius $R_{\rm BD}=0.887^{+0.031}_{-0.031}$ \rj, and moderate eccentricity $e=0.354^{+0.011}_{-0.012}$. Both targets are expected to have shallow but potentially observable secondary transits: $\lesssim 500$ ppm in Johnson K band for both. A statistical analysis of M-dwarf/BD systems reveals for the first time that those at short orbital periods ($P < 13$ days) exhibit a dearth of $13 \mj < M_{\rm BD} < 40 \mj$ companions ($q$ $<$ 0.1) compared to those at slightly wider separations. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_16554 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Searching for GEMS: Discovery and Characterization of Two Brown Dwarfs Around M Dwarfs Larsen, Alexander Swaby, Tera N. Kobulnicky, Henry A. Canas, Caleb I. Kanodia, Shubham Libby-Roberts, Jessica Monson, Andrew Gupta, Arvind Cochran, William Mahadevan, Suvrath Bender, Chad Diddams, Scott A. Halverson, Samuel Lin, Andrea S. J. Moe, Maxwell Ninan, Joe Robertson, Paul Roy, Arpita Schwab, Christian Stefansson, Gudmunder Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Brown dwarfs bridge the gap between stars and planets, providing valuable insight into both planetary and stellar formation mechanisms. Yet the census of transiting brown dwarf companions, in particular around M dwarf stars, remains incomplete. We report the discovery of two transiting brown dwarfs around low-mass hosts using a combination of space- and ground-based photometry along with near-infrared radial velocities. We characterize TOI-5389Ab ($68.0^{+2.2}_{-2.2} \ \mj$) and TOI-5610b ($40.4^{+1.0}_{-1.0} \ \mj$), two moderately massive brown dwarfs orbiting early M dwarf hosts ($\teff = 3569 \pm 59 \ K$ and $3618 \pm 59 \ K$, respectively). For TOI-5389Ab, the best fitting parameters are period $P=10.40046 \pm 0.00002$ days, radius $R_{\rm BD}=0.824^{+0.033}_{-0.031}$~\rj, and low eccentricity $e=0.0962^{+0.0027}_{-0.0046}$. In particular, this constitutes one of the most extreme substellar-stellar companion-to-host mass ratios of $q=0.150$. For TOI-5610b, the best fitting parameters are period $P=7.95346 \pm 0.00002$ days, radius $R_{\rm BD}=0.887^{+0.031}_{-0.031}$ \rj, and moderate eccentricity $e=0.354^{+0.011}_{-0.012}$. Both targets are expected to have shallow but potentially observable secondary transits: $\lesssim 500$ ppm in Johnson K band for both. A statistical analysis of M-dwarf/BD systems reveals for the first time that those at short orbital periods ($P < 13$ days) exhibit a dearth of $13 \mj < M_{\rm BD} < 40 \mj$ companions ($q$ $<$ 0.1) compared to those at slightly wider separations. |
| title | Searching for GEMS: Discovery and Characterization of Two Brown Dwarfs Around M Dwarfs |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.16554 |