ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of massive Star-forming regions -XX. Probability distribution function of integrated intensity for dense molecular gas tracers
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Zhang, C. Liu, Tie Jiao, Sihan Zhu, Feng-Yao Ren, Z. -Y. Liu, H. -L. Wang, Ke Wu, J. -W. Li, D. García, P. Garay, Guido Bronfman, Leonardo Juvela, Mika das, Swagat Lee, Chang Won Xu, Feng-Wei Tóth, L. V. Gorai, Prasanta Sanhueza, Patricio |
| author_facet | Zhang, C. Liu, Tie Jiao, Sihan Zhu, Feng-Yao Ren, Z. -Y. Liu, H. -L. Wang, Ke Wu, J. -W. Li, D. García, P. Garay, Guido Bronfman, Leonardo Juvela, Mika das, Swagat Lee, Chang Won Xu, Feng-Wei Tóth, L. V. Gorai, Prasanta Sanhueza, Patricio |
| contents | We report the observations of J=1-0 of HCN, HCO+, H13CO+, and H13CN, HC3N (J=11-10) emission towards 135 massive star-forming clumps, as part of the ATOMS (ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions) Survey. We present the integrated intensity probability distribution function for these molecular tracers, modeled as a combination of a log-normal distribution and a power-law tail. The molecular line luminosities for the power-law tail segment, Lmol(p), have been calculated. We have investigated the correlation between the bolometric luminosity, Lbol, and the power-law part of the molecular line luminosity, Lmol(p). Our findings suggest that the scaling relationships between Lbol and Lmol(p) for HCN and HCO+ are sublinear, indicating that these molecules might not be the most effective tracers for the dense gas. In contrast, H13CN and HC3N exhibit a nearly linear relationship between Lbol and Lmol(p), indicating that they can well trace gravitationally bound dense gas. The ratios of Lbol-to-Lmol(p), serving as indicators of star formation efficiency within massive star-forming clumps, exhibit a weak anti-correlation with the power-law index in the I-PDF. In addition, the star formation efficiency is also weakly anti-correlated with the exponent U of the corresponding equivalent density distribution. Our results implie that clumps with substantial gas accumulation may still display low star formation efficiencies. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_16682 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of massive Star-forming regions -XX. Probability distribution function of integrated intensity for dense molecular gas tracers Zhang, C. Liu, Tie Jiao, Sihan Zhu, Feng-Yao Ren, Z. -Y. Liu, H. -L. Wang, Ke Wu, J. -W. Li, D. García, P. Garay, Guido Bronfman, Leonardo Juvela, Mika das, Swagat Lee, Chang Won Xu, Feng-Wei Tóth, L. V. Gorai, Prasanta Sanhueza, Patricio Astrophysics of Galaxies We report the observations of J=1-0 of HCN, HCO+, H13CO+, and H13CN, HC3N (J=11-10) emission towards 135 massive star-forming clumps, as part of the ATOMS (ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions) Survey. We present the integrated intensity probability distribution function for these molecular tracers, modeled as a combination of a log-normal distribution and a power-law tail. The molecular line luminosities for the power-law tail segment, Lmol(p), have been calculated. We have investigated the correlation between the bolometric luminosity, Lbol, and the power-law part of the molecular line luminosity, Lmol(p). Our findings suggest that the scaling relationships between Lbol and Lmol(p) for HCN and HCO+ are sublinear, indicating that these molecules might not be the most effective tracers for the dense gas. In contrast, H13CN and HC3N exhibit a nearly linear relationship between Lbol and Lmol(p), indicating that they can well trace gravitationally bound dense gas. The ratios of Lbol-to-Lmol(p), serving as indicators of star formation efficiency within massive star-forming clumps, exhibit a weak anti-correlation with the power-law index in the I-PDF. In addition, the star formation efficiency is also weakly anti-correlated with the exponent U of the corresponding equivalent density distribution. Our results implie that clumps with substantial gas accumulation may still display low star formation efficiencies. |
| title | ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of massive Star-forming regions -XX. Probability distribution function of integrated intensity for dense molecular gas tracers |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.16682 |