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| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Veröffentlicht: |
2025
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| Online-Zugang: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.16721 |
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| _version_ | 1866917536906346496 |
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| author | Salhani, Chloe Chida, Kensaku Shimizu, Takase Hayashi, Toshiaki Nishiguchi, Katsuhiko |
| author_facet | Salhani, Chloe Chida, Kensaku Shimizu, Takase Hayashi, Toshiaki Nishiguchi, Katsuhiko |
| contents | We experimentally demonstrate the decomposition of heat dissipation during free-energy generation in a nanometer-scale dot transitioning to a non-equilibrium steady state via single-electron counting statistics. An alternating-current signal driving a reservoir that injects multiple electrons into the dot makes it non-equilibrium, leading to free-energy generation, heat dissipation, and Shannon-entropy production. By analyzing the time-domain probability distributions of multi-electron states of the dot, we quantitatively decompose the heat dissipation into housekeeping and excess heats, thereby revealing their direct correlation with free-energy generation. This correlation suggests that the ratio of the generated free energy to the work applied to the dot, can potentially reach 0.5 under far-from-equilibrium conditions induced by a large signal, while an efficiency of 0.25 was experimentally achieved. These results establish a quantitative link between decomposed heat dissipation and free-energy generation in a multi-electron stochastic system, providing a thermodynamic framework for non-equilibrium electronic devices. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_16721 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Heat-dissipation decomposition and free-energy generation in a non-equilibrium dot with multi-electron states Salhani, Chloe Chida, Kensaku Shimizu, Takase Hayashi, Toshiaki Nishiguchi, Katsuhiko Statistical Mechanics Statistics Theory Applied Physics We experimentally demonstrate the decomposition of heat dissipation during free-energy generation in a nanometer-scale dot transitioning to a non-equilibrium steady state via single-electron counting statistics. An alternating-current signal driving a reservoir that injects multiple electrons into the dot makes it non-equilibrium, leading to free-energy generation, heat dissipation, and Shannon-entropy production. By analyzing the time-domain probability distributions of multi-electron states of the dot, we quantitatively decompose the heat dissipation into housekeeping and excess heats, thereby revealing their direct correlation with free-energy generation. This correlation suggests that the ratio of the generated free energy to the work applied to the dot, can potentially reach 0.5 under far-from-equilibrium conditions induced by a large signal, while an efficiency of 0.25 was experimentally achieved. These results establish a quantitative link between decomposed heat dissipation and free-energy generation in a multi-electron stochastic system, providing a thermodynamic framework for non-equilibrium electronic devices. |
| title | Heat-dissipation decomposition and free-energy generation in a non-equilibrium dot with multi-electron states |
| topic | Statistical Mechanics Statistics Theory Applied Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.16721 |