A consistent diffuse-interface finite element approach to rapid melt--vapor dynamics with application to metal additive manufacturing

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Schreter-Fleischhacker, Magdalena, Much, Nils, Munch, Peter, Kronbichler, Martin, Wall, Wolfgang A., Meier, Christoph
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Schreter-Fleischhacker, Magdalena
Much, Nils
Munch, Peter
Kronbichler, Martin
Wall, Wolfgang A.
Meier, Christoph
author_facet Schreter-Fleischhacker, Magdalena
Much, Nils
Munch, Peter
Kronbichler, Martin
Wall, Wolfgang A.
Meier, Christoph
contents Metal additive manufacturing via laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) faces performance-critical challenges due to complex melt pool and vapor dynamics, often oversimplified by computational models that neglect crucial aspects, such as vapor jet formation. To address this limitation, we propose a consistent computational multi-physics mesoscale model to study melt pool dynamics, laser-induced evaporation, and vapor flow. In addition to the evaporation-induced pressure jump, we also resolve the evaporation-induced volume expansion and the resulting velocity jump at the liquid--vapor interface. We use an anisothermal incompressible Navier--Stokes solver extended by a conservative diffuse level-set framework and integrate it into a matrix-free adaptive finite element framework. To ensure accurate physical solutions despite extreme density, pressure and velocity gradients across the diffuse liquid--vapor interface, we employ consistent interface source term formulations developed in our previous work. These formulations consider projection operations to extend solution variables from the sharp liquid--vapor interface into the computational domain. Benchmark examples, including film boiling, confirm the accuracy and versatility of the model. As a key result, we demonstrate the model's ability to capture the strong coupling between melt and vapor flow dynamics in PBF-LB/M based on simulations of stationary laser illumination on a metal plate. Additionally, we show the derivation of the well-known Anisimov model and extend it to a new hybrid model. This hybrid model, together with consistent interface source term formulations, especially for the level-set transport velocity, enables PBF-LB/M simulations that combine accurate physical results with the robustness of an incompressible, diffuse-interface computational modeling framework.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_18781
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A consistent diffuse-interface finite element approach to rapid melt--vapor dynamics with application to metal additive manufacturing
Schreter-Fleischhacker, Magdalena
Much, Nils
Munch, Peter
Kronbichler, Martin
Wall, Wolfgang A.
Meier, Christoph
Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science
Metal additive manufacturing via laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) faces performance-critical challenges due to complex melt pool and vapor dynamics, often oversimplified by computational models that neglect crucial aspects, such as vapor jet formation. To address this limitation, we propose a consistent computational multi-physics mesoscale model to study melt pool dynamics, laser-induced evaporation, and vapor flow. In addition to the evaporation-induced pressure jump, we also resolve the evaporation-induced volume expansion and the resulting velocity jump at the liquid--vapor interface. We use an anisothermal incompressible Navier--Stokes solver extended by a conservative diffuse level-set framework and integrate it into a matrix-free adaptive finite element framework. To ensure accurate physical solutions despite extreme density, pressure and velocity gradients across the diffuse liquid--vapor interface, we employ consistent interface source term formulations developed in our previous work. These formulations consider projection operations to extend solution variables from the sharp liquid--vapor interface into the computational domain. Benchmark examples, including film boiling, confirm the accuracy and versatility of the model. As a key result, we demonstrate the model's ability to capture the strong coupling between melt and vapor flow dynamics in PBF-LB/M based on simulations of stationary laser illumination on a metal plate. Additionally, we show the derivation of the well-known Anisimov model and extend it to a new hybrid model. This hybrid model, together with consistent interface source term formulations, especially for the level-set transport velocity, enables PBF-LB/M simulations that combine accurate physical results with the robustness of an incompressible, diffuse-interface computational modeling framework.
title A consistent diffuse-interface finite element approach to rapid melt--vapor dynamics with application to metal additive manufacturing
topic Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.18781