Asymptotic optimality theory of confidence intervals of the mean

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Deep, Vikas, Bassamboo, Achal, Juneja, Sandeep
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Deep, Vikas
Bassamboo, Achal
Juneja, Sandeep
author_facet Deep, Vikas
Bassamboo, Achal
Juneja, Sandeep
contents We address the classical problem of constructing confidence intervals (CIs) for the mean of a distribution, given \(N\) i.i.d. samples, such that the CI contains the true mean with probability at least \(1 - δ\), where \(δ\in (0,1)\). We characterize three distinct learning regimes based on the minimum achievable limiting width of any CI as the sample size \(N_δ \to \infty\) and \(δ\to 0\). In the first regime, where \(N_δ\) grows slower than \(\log(1/δ)\), the limiting width of any CI equals the width of the distribution's support, precluding meaningful inference. In the second regime, where \(N_δ\) scales as \(\log(1/δ)\), we precisely characterize the minimum limiting width, which depends on the scaling constant. In the third regime, where \(N_δ\) grows faster than \(\log(1/δ)\), complete learning is achievable, and the limiting width of the CI collapses to zero, converging to the true mean. We demonstrate that CIs derived from concentration inequalities based on Kullback--Leibler (KL) divergences achieve asymptotically optimal performance, attaining the minimum limiting width in both sufficient and complete learning regimes for distributions in two families: single-parameter exponential and bounded support. Additionally, these results extend to one-sided CIs, with the width notion adjusted appropriately. Finally, we generalize our findings to settings with random per-sample costs, motivated by practical applications such as stochastic simulators and cloud service selection. Instead of a fixed sample size, we consider a cost budget \(C_δ\), identifying analogous learning regimes and characterizing the optimal CI construction policy.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2501_19126
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Asymptotic optimality theory of confidence intervals of the mean
Deep, Vikas
Bassamboo, Achal
Juneja, Sandeep
Statistics Theory
We address the classical problem of constructing confidence intervals (CIs) for the mean of a distribution, given \(N\) i.i.d. samples, such that the CI contains the true mean with probability at least \(1 - δ\), where \(δ\in (0,1)\). We characterize three distinct learning regimes based on the minimum achievable limiting width of any CI as the sample size \(N_δ \to \infty\) and \(δ\to 0\). In the first regime, where \(N_δ\) grows slower than \(\log(1/δ)\), the limiting width of any CI equals the width of the distribution's support, precluding meaningful inference. In the second regime, where \(N_δ\) scales as \(\log(1/δ)\), we precisely characterize the minimum limiting width, which depends on the scaling constant. In the third regime, where \(N_δ\) grows faster than \(\log(1/δ)\), complete learning is achievable, and the limiting width of the CI collapses to zero, converging to the true mean. We demonstrate that CIs derived from concentration inequalities based on Kullback--Leibler (KL) divergences achieve asymptotically optimal performance, attaining the minimum limiting width in both sufficient and complete learning regimes for distributions in two families: single-parameter exponential and bounded support. Additionally, these results extend to one-sided CIs, with the width notion adjusted appropriately. Finally, we generalize our findings to settings with random per-sample costs, motivated by practical applications such as stochastic simulators and cloud service selection. Instead of a fixed sample size, we consider a cost budget \(C_δ\), identifying analogous learning regimes and characterizing the optimal CI construction policy.
title Asymptotic optimality theory of confidence intervals of the mean
topic Statistics Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.19126