A Taxonomy of Real-World Defeaters in Safety Assurance Cases

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Gohar, Usman, Hunter, Michael C., Cohen, Myra B., Lutz, Robyn R.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Gohar, Usman
Hunter, Michael C.
Cohen, Myra B.
Lutz, Robyn R.
author_facet Gohar, Usman
Hunter, Michael C.
Cohen, Myra B.
Lutz, Robyn R.
contents The rise of cyber-physical systems in safety-critical domains calls for robust risk-evaluation frameworks. Assurance cases, often required by regulatory bodies, are a structured approach to demonstrate that a system meets its safety requirements. However, assurance cases are fraught with challenges, such as incomplete evidence and gaps in reasoning, called defeaters, that can call into question the credibility and robustness of assurance cases. Identifying these defeaters increases confidence in the assurance case and can prevent catastrophic failures. The search for defeaters in an assurance case, however, is not structured, and there is a need to standardize defeater analysis. The software engineering community thus could benefit from having a reusable classification of real-world defeaters in software assurance cases. In this paper, we conducted a systematic study of literature from the past 20 years. Using open coding, we derived a taxonomy with seven broad categories, laying the groundwork for standardizing the analysis and management of defeaters in safety-critical systems. We provide our artifacts as open source for the community to use and build upon, thus establishing a common framework for understanding defeaters.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_00238
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Taxonomy of Real-World Defeaters in Safety Assurance Cases
Gohar, Usman
Hunter, Michael C.
Cohen, Myra B.
Lutz, Robyn R.
Software Engineering
The rise of cyber-physical systems in safety-critical domains calls for robust risk-evaluation frameworks. Assurance cases, often required by regulatory bodies, are a structured approach to demonstrate that a system meets its safety requirements. However, assurance cases are fraught with challenges, such as incomplete evidence and gaps in reasoning, called defeaters, that can call into question the credibility and robustness of assurance cases. Identifying these defeaters increases confidence in the assurance case and can prevent catastrophic failures. The search for defeaters in an assurance case, however, is not structured, and there is a need to standardize defeater analysis. The software engineering community thus could benefit from having a reusable classification of real-world defeaters in software assurance cases. In this paper, we conducted a systematic study of literature from the past 20 years. Using open coding, we derived a taxonomy with seven broad categories, laying the groundwork for standardizing the analysis and management of defeaters in safety-critical systems. We provide our artifacts as open source for the community to use and build upon, thus establishing a common framework for understanding defeaters.
title A Taxonomy of Real-World Defeaters in Safety Assurance Cases
topic Software Engineering
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.00238