Hypo3D: Exploring Hypothetical Reasoning in 3D

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Main Authors: Mao, Ye, Luo, Weixun, Jing, Junpeng, Qiu, Anlan, Mikolajczyk, Krystian
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Mao, Ye
Luo, Weixun
Jing, Junpeng
Qiu, Anlan
Mikolajczyk, Krystian
author_facet Mao, Ye
Luo, Weixun
Jing, Junpeng
Qiu, Anlan
Mikolajczyk, Krystian
contents The rise of vision-language foundation models marks an advancement in bridging the gap between human and machine capabilities in 3D scene reasoning. Existing 3D reasoning benchmarks assume real-time scene accessibility, which is impractical due to the high cost of frequent scene updates. To this end, we introduce Hypothetical 3D Reasoning, namely Hypo3D, a benchmark designed to evaluate models' ability to reason without access to real-time scene data. Models need to imagine the scene state based on a provided change description before reasoning. Hypo3D is formulated as a 3D Visual Question Answering (VQA) benchmark, comprising 7,727 context changes across 700 indoor scenes, resulting in 14,885 question-answer pairs. An anchor-based world frame is established for all scenes, ensuring consistent reference to a global frame for directional terms in context changes and QAs. Extensive experiments show that state-of-the-art foundation models struggle to reason in hypothetically changed scenes. This reveals a substantial performance gap compared to humans, particularly in scenarios involving movement changes and directional reasoning. Even when the context change is irrelevant to the question, models often incorrectly adjust their answers. Project website: https://matchlab-imperial.github.io/Hypo3D/
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_00954
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Hypo3D: Exploring Hypothetical Reasoning in 3D
Mao, Ye
Luo, Weixun
Jing, Junpeng
Qiu, Anlan
Mikolajczyk, Krystian
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
The rise of vision-language foundation models marks an advancement in bridging the gap between human and machine capabilities in 3D scene reasoning. Existing 3D reasoning benchmarks assume real-time scene accessibility, which is impractical due to the high cost of frequent scene updates. To this end, we introduce Hypothetical 3D Reasoning, namely Hypo3D, a benchmark designed to evaluate models' ability to reason without access to real-time scene data. Models need to imagine the scene state based on a provided change description before reasoning. Hypo3D is formulated as a 3D Visual Question Answering (VQA) benchmark, comprising 7,727 context changes across 700 indoor scenes, resulting in 14,885 question-answer pairs. An anchor-based world frame is established for all scenes, ensuring consistent reference to a global frame for directional terms in context changes and QAs. Extensive experiments show that state-of-the-art foundation models struggle to reason in hypothetically changed scenes. This reveals a substantial performance gap compared to humans, particularly in scenarios involving movement changes and directional reasoning. Even when the context change is irrelevant to the question, models often incorrectly adjust their answers. Project website: https://matchlab-imperial.github.io/Hypo3D/
title Hypo3D: Exploring Hypothetical Reasoning in 3D
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.00954