Skewed Memorization in Large Language Models: Quantification and Decomposition

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Li, Hao, Huang, Di, Wang, Ziyu, Rahmani, Amir M.
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Li, Hao
Huang, Di
Wang, Ziyu
Rahmani, Amir M.
author_facet Li, Hao
Huang, Di
Wang, Ziyu
Rahmani, Amir M.
contents Memorization in Large Language Models (LLMs) poses privacy and security risks, as models may unintentionally reproduce sensitive or copyrighted data. Existing analyses focus on average-case scenarios, often neglecting the highly skewed distribution of memorization. This paper examines memorization in LLM supervised fine-tuning (SFT), exploring its relationships with training duration, dataset size, and inter-sample similarity. By analyzing memorization probabilities over sequence lengths, we link this skewness to the token generation process, offering insights for estimating memorization and comparing it to established metrics. Through theoretical analysis and empirical evaluation, we provide a comprehensive understanding of memorization behaviors and propose strategies to detect and mitigate risks, contributing to more privacy-preserving LLMs.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_01187
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Skewed Memorization in Large Language Models: Quantification and Decomposition
Li, Hao
Huang, Di
Wang, Ziyu
Rahmani, Amir M.
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Machine Learning
Memorization in Large Language Models (LLMs) poses privacy and security risks, as models may unintentionally reproduce sensitive or copyrighted data. Existing analyses focus on average-case scenarios, often neglecting the highly skewed distribution of memorization. This paper examines memorization in LLM supervised fine-tuning (SFT), exploring its relationships with training duration, dataset size, and inter-sample similarity. By analyzing memorization probabilities over sequence lengths, we link this skewness to the token generation process, offering insights for estimating memorization and comparing it to established metrics. Through theoretical analysis and empirical evaluation, we provide a comprehensive understanding of memorization behaviors and propose strategies to detect and mitigate risks, contributing to more privacy-preserving LLMs.
title Skewed Memorization in Large Language Models: Quantification and Decomposition
topic Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.01187