Technical description and performance of the phase II version of the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Jovanovic, Nemanja Echeverri, Daniel Delorme, Jacques-Robert Finnerty, Luke Schofield, Tobias Wang, Jason J. Xin, Yinzi Xuan, Jerry Wallacee, J. Kent Mawet, Dimitri Sanghi, Aniket Baker, Ashley Bartos, Randall Bond, Charlotte Z. Calvin, Benjamin Cetre, Sylvain Doppmann, Greg Fitzgerald, Michael P. Fucik, Jason Gao, Maodong Ge, Jinhao Guthery, Charlotte Horstman, Katelyn Hsud, Chih-Chun Liberman, Joshua Leifer, Stephanie Lilley, Scott Lopez, Ronald Marin, Eduardo Martin, Emily C. Mennesson, Bertrand Morris, Evan Nash, Reston Pezzato, Jacklyn Porter, Michael Roberts, Mitsuko Ruane, Garreth Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste Sappey, Ben Serabyn, Eugene Shen, Boqiang Skemer, Andrew Wang, Ji Wetherell, Edward Wizinowich, Peter Salama, Maissa Chambouleyron, Vincent Jensen-Clem, Rebecca Beichman, Chas |
| author_facet | Jovanovic, Nemanja Echeverri, Daniel Delorme, Jacques-Robert Finnerty, Luke Schofield, Tobias Wang, Jason J. Xin, Yinzi Xuan, Jerry Wallacee, J. Kent Mawet, Dimitri Sanghi, Aniket Baker, Ashley Bartos, Randall Bond, Charlotte Z. Calvin, Benjamin Cetre, Sylvain Doppmann, Greg Fitzgerald, Michael P. Fucik, Jason Gao, Maodong Ge, Jinhao Guthery, Charlotte Horstman, Katelyn Hsud, Chih-Chun Liberman, Joshua Leifer, Stephanie Lilley, Scott Lopez, Ronald Marin, Eduardo Martin, Emily C. Mennesson, Bertrand Morris, Evan Nash, Reston Pezzato, Jacklyn Porter, Michael Roberts, Mitsuko Ruane, Garreth Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste Sappey, Ben Serabyn, Eugene Shen, Boqiang Skemer, Andrew Wang, Ji Wetherell, Edward Wizinowich, Peter Salama, Maissa Chambouleyron, Vincent Jensen-Clem, Rebecca Beichman, Chas |
| contents | The Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) is a series of upgrades for the Keck II Adaptive Optics (AO) system and the NIRSPEC spectrograph to enable diffraction limited, high resolution (R>30000) spectroscopy of exoplanets and low mass companions in the K and L bands. Phase I consisted of single mode fiber injection/extraction units (FIU/FEU) used in conjunction with a H band pyramid wavefront sensor. The use of single mode fibers provides a gain in stellar rejection, a substantial reduction in sky background, and an extremely stable line spread function in the spectrograph. Phase II, deployed and commissioned in 2022, brought a 1000 actuator deformable mirror, beam shaping optics, a vortex mask, and other upgrades to the FIU/FEU. An additional service mission in 2024 extended operations down to y band, delivered an atmospheric dispersion corrector, and provided access to two laser frequency combs. KPIC phase II brings higher planet throughput, lower stellar leakage and many new observing modes which extend its ability to characterize exoplanets at high spectral resolution, building on the success of phase I. In this paper we present a description of the final phase II version of KPIC, along with results of system level laboratory testing and characterization showing the instrument's phase II throughput, stability, repeatability, and other key performance metrics prior to delivery and during installation at Keck. We outlined the capabilities of the various observing modes enabled by the new modules as well as efforts to compensate for static aberrations and non common path errors at Keck, which were issues that plagued phase I. Finally, we show results from commissioning. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_01863 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Technical description and performance of the phase II version of the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer Jovanovic, Nemanja Echeverri, Daniel Delorme, Jacques-Robert Finnerty, Luke Schofield, Tobias Wang, Jason J. Xin, Yinzi Xuan, Jerry Wallacee, J. Kent Mawet, Dimitri Sanghi, Aniket Baker, Ashley Bartos, Randall Bond, Charlotte Z. Calvin, Benjamin Cetre, Sylvain Doppmann, Greg Fitzgerald, Michael P. Fucik, Jason Gao, Maodong Ge, Jinhao Guthery, Charlotte Horstman, Katelyn Hsud, Chih-Chun Liberman, Joshua Leifer, Stephanie Lilley, Scott Lopez, Ronald Marin, Eduardo Martin, Emily C. Mennesson, Bertrand Morris, Evan Nash, Reston Pezzato, Jacklyn Porter, Michael Roberts, Mitsuko Ruane, Garreth Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste Sappey, Ben Serabyn, Eugene Shen, Boqiang Skemer, Andrew Wang, Ji Wetherell, Edward Wizinowich, Peter Salama, Maissa Chambouleyron, Vincent Jensen-Clem, Rebecca Beichman, Chas Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Optics The Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) is a series of upgrades for the Keck II Adaptive Optics (AO) system and the NIRSPEC spectrograph to enable diffraction limited, high resolution (R>30000) spectroscopy of exoplanets and low mass companions in the K and L bands. Phase I consisted of single mode fiber injection/extraction units (FIU/FEU) used in conjunction with a H band pyramid wavefront sensor. The use of single mode fibers provides a gain in stellar rejection, a substantial reduction in sky background, and an extremely stable line spread function in the spectrograph. Phase II, deployed and commissioned in 2022, brought a 1000 actuator deformable mirror, beam shaping optics, a vortex mask, and other upgrades to the FIU/FEU. An additional service mission in 2024 extended operations down to y band, delivered an atmospheric dispersion corrector, and provided access to two laser frequency combs. KPIC phase II brings higher planet throughput, lower stellar leakage and many new observing modes which extend its ability to characterize exoplanets at high spectral resolution, building on the success of phase I. In this paper we present a description of the final phase II version of KPIC, along with results of system level laboratory testing and characterization showing the instrument's phase II throughput, stability, repeatability, and other key performance metrics prior to delivery and during installation at Keck. We outlined the capabilities of the various observing modes enabled by the new modules as well as efforts to compensate for static aberrations and non common path errors at Keck, which were issues that plagued phase I. Finally, we show results from commissioning. |
| title | Technical description and performance of the phase II version of the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer |
| topic | Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics Optics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.01863 |