IAO Prompting: Making Knowledge Flow Explicit in LLMs through Structured Reasoning Templates

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Diallo, Aissatou, Bikakis, Antonis, Dickens, Luke, Hunter, Anthony, Miller, Rob
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Diallo, Aissatou
Bikakis, Antonis
Dickens, Luke
Hunter, Anthony
Miller, Rob
author_facet Diallo, Aissatou
Bikakis, Antonis
Dickens, Luke
Hunter, Anthony
Miller, Rob
contents While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive reasoning capabilities, understanding and validating their knowledge utilization remains challenging. Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting partially addresses this by revealing intermediate reasoning steps, but the knowledge flow and application remain implicit. We introduce IAO (Input-Action-Output) prompting, a structured template-based method that explicitly models how LLMs access and apply their knowledge during complex reasoning tasks. IAO decomposes problems into sequential steps, each clearly identifying the input knowledge being used, the action being performed, and the resulting output. This structured decomposition enables us to trace knowledge flow, verify factual consistency, and identify potential knowledge gaps or misapplications. Through experiments across diverse reasoning tasks, we demonstrate that IAO not only improves zero-shot performance but also provides transparency in how LLMs leverage their stored knowledge. Human evaluation confirms that this structured approach enhances our ability to verify knowledge utilization and detect potential hallucinations or reasoning errors. Our findings provide insights into both knowledge representation within LLMs and methods for more reliable knowledge application.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_03080
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle IAO Prompting: Making Knowledge Flow Explicit in LLMs through Structured Reasoning Templates
Diallo, Aissatou
Bikakis, Antonis
Dickens, Luke
Hunter, Anthony
Miller, Rob
Computation and Language
While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive reasoning capabilities, understanding and validating their knowledge utilization remains challenging. Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting partially addresses this by revealing intermediate reasoning steps, but the knowledge flow and application remain implicit. We introduce IAO (Input-Action-Output) prompting, a structured template-based method that explicitly models how LLMs access and apply their knowledge during complex reasoning tasks. IAO decomposes problems into sequential steps, each clearly identifying the input knowledge being used, the action being performed, and the resulting output. This structured decomposition enables us to trace knowledge flow, verify factual consistency, and identify potential knowledge gaps or misapplications. Through experiments across diverse reasoning tasks, we demonstrate that IAO not only improves zero-shot performance but also provides transparency in how LLMs leverage their stored knowledge. Human evaluation confirms that this structured approach enhances our ability to verify knowledge utilization and detect potential hallucinations or reasoning errors. Our findings provide insights into both knowledge representation within LLMs and methods for more reliable knowledge application.
title IAO Prompting: Making Knowledge Flow Explicit in LLMs through Structured Reasoning Templates
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.03080