How probable is the Lyman-$α$ damping wing in the spectrum of the redshift z = 5.9896 quasar ULAS J0148+0600?

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Sawyer, Fiona, Bolton, James S., Becker, George D., Conaboy, Luke, Haehnelt, Martin G., Keating, Laura, Kulkarni, Girish, Puchwein, Ewald
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Sawyer, Fiona
Bolton, James S.
Becker, George D.
Conaboy, Luke
Haehnelt, Martin G.
Keating, Laura
Kulkarni, Girish
Puchwein, Ewald
author_facet Sawyer, Fiona
Bolton, James S.
Becker, George D.
Conaboy, Luke
Haehnelt, Martin G.
Keating, Laura
Kulkarni, Girish
Puchwein, Ewald
contents The shape of the Ly-$α$ transmission in the near zone of the redshift $z=5.9896$ quasar ULAS J0148$+$0600 (hereafter J0148) is consistent with a damping wing arising from an extended neutral hydrogen island in the diffuse intergalactic medium (IGM). Here we use simulations of late-ending reionisation from Sherwood-Relics to assess the expected incidence of quasars with Ly-$α$ and Ly-$β$ absorption similar to the observed J0148 spectrum. We find a late end to reionisation at $z=5.3$ is a necessary requirement for reproducing a Ly-$α$ damping wing consistent with J0148. This occurs in $\sim3$ per cent of our simulated spectra for an IGM neutral fraction $\langle x_{\rm HI}\rangle=0.14$ at $z=6$. However, using standard assumptions for the ionising photon output of J0148, the a priori probability of drawing a simulated quasar spectrum with a Ly-$α$ damping wing profile \emph{and} Ly-$α$ near zone size that simultaneously match J0148 is low, $p<10^{-2}$. This may indicate that the ionising emission from J0148 is variable on timescales $t<10^{5}\rm\,yr$, or alternatively that the Ly-$α$ transmission in the J0148 near zone is impacted by the transverse proximity effect from nearby star-forming galaxies or undetected quasars. We also predict the IGM temperature should be $T\sim 4\times 10^{4}\rm\,K$ within a few proper Mpc of the Ly-$α$ near zone edge due to recent H$\,\rm \scriptstyle I$ and He$\,\rm \scriptstyle II$ photo-heating. Evidence for enhanced thermal broadening in the Ly-$α$ absorption near the damping wing edge would provide further evidence that the final stages of reionisation are occurring at $z<6$.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_03085
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle How probable is the Lyman-$α$ damping wing in the spectrum of the redshift z = 5.9896 quasar ULAS J0148+0600?
Sawyer, Fiona
Bolton, James S.
Becker, George D.
Conaboy, Luke
Haehnelt, Martin G.
Keating, Laura
Kulkarni, Girish
Puchwein, Ewald
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
The shape of the Ly-$α$ transmission in the near zone of the redshift $z=5.9896$ quasar ULAS J0148$+$0600 (hereafter J0148) is consistent with a damping wing arising from an extended neutral hydrogen island in the diffuse intergalactic medium (IGM). Here we use simulations of late-ending reionisation from Sherwood-Relics to assess the expected incidence of quasars with Ly-$α$ and Ly-$β$ absorption similar to the observed J0148 spectrum. We find a late end to reionisation at $z=5.3$ is a necessary requirement for reproducing a Ly-$α$ damping wing consistent with J0148. This occurs in $\sim3$ per cent of our simulated spectra for an IGM neutral fraction $\langle x_{\rm HI}\rangle=0.14$ at $z=6$. However, using standard assumptions for the ionising photon output of J0148, the a priori probability of drawing a simulated quasar spectrum with a Ly-$α$ damping wing profile \emph{and} Ly-$α$ near zone size that simultaneously match J0148 is low, $p<10^{-2}$. This may indicate that the ionising emission from J0148 is variable on timescales $t<10^{5}\rm\,yr$, or alternatively that the Ly-$α$ transmission in the J0148 near zone is impacted by the transverse proximity effect from nearby star-forming galaxies or undetected quasars. We also predict the IGM temperature should be $T\sim 4\times 10^{4}\rm\,K$ within a few proper Mpc of the Ly-$α$ near zone edge due to recent H$\,\rm \scriptstyle I$ and He$\,\rm \scriptstyle II$ photo-heating. Evidence for enhanced thermal broadening in the Ly-$α$ absorption near the damping wing edge would provide further evidence that the final stages of reionisation are occurring at $z<6$.
title How probable is the Lyman-$α$ damping wing in the spectrum of the redshift z = 5.9896 quasar ULAS J0148+0600?
topic Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.03085