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Main Authors: Hui, Lam, Nicolis, Alberto, Podo, Alessandro, Zhou, Shengjia
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.04215
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author Hui, Lam
Nicolis, Alberto
Podo, Alessandro
Zhou, Shengjia
author_facet Hui, Lam
Nicolis, Alberto
Podo, Alessandro
Zhou, Shengjia
contents Microcausality -- the vanishing of commutators outside the lightcone -- is a fundamental property of relativistic quantum field theories. We derive its implications for two-point functions of scalar operators on {\it Lorentz-breaking} states. We restrict to spatially homogeneous and isotropic states, at zero and finite temperature, such as finite-density states of matter and primordial inflationary states. In a mixed $(t, \vec k \, )$ representation, we find certain analyticity and exponential boundedness conditions, which we verify in a variety of examples. Crucially, we discuss how our conditions can be tested within the regime of validity of Lorentz-breaking low-energy effective field theories, clarifying the role of the group velocity of low-energy excitations. In the cosmological case, we derive a positivity condition on an EFT coefficient in an inflationary background. Lastly, we comment on how microcausality can be used to constrain higher-point correlation functions, via suitable nested commutators.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_04215
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Microcausality without Lorentz invariance
Hui, Lam
Nicolis, Alberto
Podo, Alessandro
Zhou, Shengjia
High Energy Physics - Theory
Microcausality -- the vanishing of commutators outside the lightcone -- is a fundamental property of relativistic quantum field theories. We derive its implications for two-point functions of scalar operators on {\it Lorentz-breaking} states. We restrict to spatially homogeneous and isotropic states, at zero and finite temperature, such as finite-density states of matter and primordial inflationary states. In a mixed $(t, \vec k \, )$ representation, we find certain analyticity and exponential boundedness conditions, which we verify in a variety of examples. Crucially, we discuss how our conditions can be tested within the regime of validity of Lorentz-breaking low-energy effective field theories, clarifying the role of the group velocity of low-energy excitations. In the cosmological case, we derive a positivity condition on an EFT coefficient in an inflationary background. Lastly, we comment on how microcausality can be used to constrain higher-point correlation functions, via suitable nested commutators.
title Microcausality without Lorentz invariance
topic High Energy Physics - Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.04215