Clash of the Titans: ultra-high energy KM3NeT event versus IceCube data

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Hauptverfasser: Li, Shirley Weishi, Machado, Pedro, Naredo-Tuero, Daniel, Schwemberger, Thomas
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Li, Shirley Weishi
Machado, Pedro
Naredo-Tuero, Daniel
Schwemberger, Thomas
author_facet Li, Shirley Weishi
Machado, Pedro
Naredo-Tuero, Daniel
Schwemberger, Thomas
contents KM3NeT has reported the detection of a remarkably high-energy through-going muon. Lighting up about a third of the detector, this muon likely originated from a neutrino exceeding 10 PeV in energy. The crucial question we need to answer is where this event comes from and what its source is. Intriguingly, IceCube has been operating with a much larger effective area for a considerably longer time, yet it has not reported neutrinos above 10~PeV. We quantify the tension between the KM3NeT event and the absence of similar high-energy events in IceCube. Through a detailed analysis, we determine the most likely neutrino energy to be in the range of 23 - 2400 PeV. We find a $3.5σ$ tension between the two experiments, assuming the neutrino is from the diffuse isotropic neutrino flux. Alternatively, assuming the event is of cosmogenic origin and considering three representative models, this tension still falls within 3.1 - 3.6$σ$. The least disfavored scenario is a steady or transient point source, though still leading to $2.9σ$ and $2.0σ$ tensions, respectively. The lack of observation of high-energy events in IceCube seriously challenges the explanation of this event coming from any known diffuse fluxes. Our results indicate the KM3NeT event is likely the first observation of a new astrophysical source.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_04508
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Clash of the Titans: ultra-high energy KM3NeT event versus IceCube data
Li, Shirley Weishi
Machado, Pedro
Naredo-Tuero, Daniel
Schwemberger, Thomas
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
High Energy Physics - Experiment
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
KM3NeT has reported the detection of a remarkably high-energy through-going muon. Lighting up about a third of the detector, this muon likely originated from a neutrino exceeding 10 PeV in energy. The crucial question we need to answer is where this event comes from and what its source is. Intriguingly, IceCube has been operating with a much larger effective area for a considerably longer time, yet it has not reported neutrinos above 10~PeV. We quantify the tension between the KM3NeT event and the absence of similar high-energy events in IceCube. Through a detailed analysis, we determine the most likely neutrino energy to be in the range of 23 - 2400 PeV. We find a $3.5σ$ tension between the two experiments, assuming the neutrino is from the diffuse isotropic neutrino flux. Alternatively, assuming the event is of cosmogenic origin and considering three representative models, this tension still falls within 3.1 - 3.6$σ$. The least disfavored scenario is a steady or transient point source, though still leading to $2.9σ$ and $2.0σ$ tensions, respectively. The lack of observation of high-energy events in IceCube seriously challenges the explanation of this event coming from any known diffuse fluxes. Our results indicate the KM3NeT event is likely the first observation of a new astrophysical source.
title Clash of the Titans: ultra-high energy KM3NeT event versus IceCube data
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
High Energy Physics - Experiment
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.04508