Transforming Science with Large Language Models: A Survey on AI-assisted Scientific Discovery, Experimentation, Content Generation, and Evaluation

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Eger, Steffen, Cao, Yong, D'Souza, Jennifer, Geiger, Andreas, Greisinger, Christian, Gross, Stephanie, Hou, Yufang, Krenn, Brigitte, Lauscher, Anne, Li, Yizhi, Lin, Chenghua, Moosavi, Nafise Sadat, Zhao, Wei, Miller, Tristan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Eger, Steffen
Cao, Yong
D'Souza, Jennifer
Geiger, Andreas
Greisinger, Christian
Gross, Stephanie
Hou, Yufang
Krenn, Brigitte
Lauscher, Anne
Li, Yizhi
Lin, Chenghua
Moosavi, Nafise Sadat
Zhao, Wei
Miller, Tristan
author_facet Eger, Steffen
Cao, Yong
D'Souza, Jennifer
Geiger, Andreas
Greisinger, Christian
Gross, Stephanie
Hou, Yufang
Krenn, Brigitte
Lauscher, Anne
Li, Yizhi
Lin, Chenghua
Moosavi, Nafise Sadat
Zhao, Wei
Miller, Tristan
contents With the advent of large multimodal language models, science is now at a threshold of an AI-based technological transformation. An emerging ecosystem of models and tools aims to support researchers throughout the scientific lifecycle, including (1) searching for relevant literature, (2) generating research ideas and conducting experiments, (3) producing text-based content, (4) creating multimodal artifacts such as figures and diagrams, and (5) evaluating scientific work, as in peer review. In this survey, we provide a curated overview of literature representative of the core techniques, evaluation practices, and emerging trends in AI-assisted scientific discovery. Across the five tasks outlined above, we discuss datasets, methods, results, evaluation strategies, limitations, and ethical concerns, including risks to research integrity through the misuse of generative models. We aim for this survey to serve both as an accessible, structured orientation for newcomers to the field, as well as a catalyst for new AI-based initiatives and their integration into future ``AI4Science'' systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_05151
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Transforming Science with Large Language Models: A Survey on AI-assisted Scientific Discovery, Experimentation, Content Generation, and Evaluation
Eger, Steffen
Cao, Yong
D'Souza, Jennifer
Geiger, Andreas
Greisinger, Christian
Gross, Stephanie
Hou, Yufang
Krenn, Brigitte
Lauscher, Anne
Li, Yizhi
Lin, Chenghua
Moosavi, Nafise Sadat
Zhao, Wei
Miller, Tristan
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
With the advent of large multimodal language models, science is now at a threshold of an AI-based technological transformation. An emerging ecosystem of models and tools aims to support researchers throughout the scientific lifecycle, including (1) searching for relevant literature, (2) generating research ideas and conducting experiments, (3) producing text-based content, (4) creating multimodal artifacts such as figures and diagrams, and (5) evaluating scientific work, as in peer review. In this survey, we provide a curated overview of literature representative of the core techniques, evaluation practices, and emerging trends in AI-assisted scientific discovery. Across the five tasks outlined above, we discuss datasets, methods, results, evaluation strategies, limitations, and ethical concerns, including risks to research integrity through the misuse of generative models. We aim for this survey to serve both as an accessible, structured orientation for newcomers to the field, as well as a catalyst for new AI-based initiatives and their integration into future ``AI4Science'' systems.
title Transforming Science with Large Language Models: A Survey on AI-assisted Scientific Discovery, Experimentation, Content Generation, and Evaluation
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.05151