Dimensionality Reduction with Koopman Generalized Eigenfunctions

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Martini, Simone, Stefanovic, Margareta, Valavanis, Kimon P.
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Martini, Simone
Stefanovic, Margareta
Valavanis, Kimon P.
author_facet Martini, Simone
Stefanovic, Margareta
Valavanis, Kimon P.
contents This paper presents a methodology to achieve lower-dimensional Koopman quasi-linear representations of nonlinear system dynamics using Koopman generalized eigenfunctions. The proposed approach considers the analytically derived Koopman formulation of rigid body dynamics, but it can be extended to any data-driven or analytically derived generalized eigenfunction set. It achieves a representation for which the number of Koopman observables matches the number of inputs allowing for Koopman linearization control solutions rather than resorting to the least squares approximation method adopted in high dimensional Koopman formulations. Through a linear combination of Koopman generalized eigenfunctions a new set of Koopman generalized eigenfunction is constructed so that the zero order truncation approximate a Koopman eigenfunction which can be used to design linear control strategies to steer the dynamics of the original nonlinear system. The proposed methodology is tested by designing a linear quadratic (LQ) flight controller for a quadrotor UAV. Numerical and Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations validate the applicability and real-time implementability of the proposed approach in the presence of noise and sensor delays. The main advantage of the proposed method is the realization of a fully actuated Koopman based model which, in the case of the underactuated quadrotor system, allows to achieve trajectory tracking through a single linear control loop.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_05365
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Dimensionality Reduction with Koopman Generalized Eigenfunctions
Martini, Simone
Stefanovic, Margareta
Valavanis, Kimon P.
Systems and Control
This paper presents a methodology to achieve lower-dimensional Koopman quasi-linear representations of nonlinear system dynamics using Koopman generalized eigenfunctions. The proposed approach considers the analytically derived Koopman formulation of rigid body dynamics, but it can be extended to any data-driven or analytically derived generalized eigenfunction set. It achieves a representation for which the number of Koopman observables matches the number of inputs allowing for Koopman linearization control solutions rather than resorting to the least squares approximation method adopted in high dimensional Koopman formulations. Through a linear combination of Koopman generalized eigenfunctions a new set of Koopman generalized eigenfunction is constructed so that the zero order truncation approximate a Koopman eigenfunction which can be used to design linear control strategies to steer the dynamics of the original nonlinear system. The proposed methodology is tested by designing a linear quadratic (LQ) flight controller for a quadrotor UAV. Numerical and Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations validate the applicability and real-time implementability of the proposed approach in the presence of noise and sensor delays. The main advantage of the proposed method is the realization of a fully actuated Koopman based model which, in the case of the underactuated quadrotor system, allows to achieve trajectory tracking through a single linear control loop.
title Dimensionality Reduction with Koopman Generalized Eigenfunctions
topic Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.05365