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Main Authors: Li, Ruoyan, Sahu, Dipti Ranjan, Broeck, Guy Van den, Zeng, Zhe
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.05416
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author Li, Ruoyan
Sahu, Dipti Ranjan
Broeck, Guy Van den
Zeng, Zhe
author_facet Li, Ruoyan
Sahu, Dipti Ranjan
Broeck, Guy Van den
Zeng, Zhe
contents While deep generative models~(DGMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in capturing complex data distributions, they consistently fail to learn constraints that encode domain knowledge and thus require constraint integration. Existing solutions to this challenge have primarily relied on heuristic methods and often ignore the underlying data distribution, harming the generative performance. In this work, we propose a probabilistically sound approach for enforcing the hard constraints into DGMs to generate constraint-compliant and realistic data. This is achieved by our proposed gradient estimators that allow the constrained distribution, the data distribution conditioned on constraints, to be differentiably learned. We carry out extensive experiments with various DGM model architectures over five image datasets and three scientific applications in which domain knowledge is governed by linear equality constraints. We validate that the standard DGMs almost surely generate data violating the constraints. Among all the constraint integration strategies, ours not only guarantees the satisfaction of constraints in generation but also archives superior generative performance than the other methods across every benchmark.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_05416
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Deep Generative Models with Hard Linear Equality Constraints
Li, Ruoyan
Sahu, Dipti Ranjan
Broeck, Guy Van den
Zeng, Zhe
Machine Learning
While deep generative models~(DGMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in capturing complex data distributions, they consistently fail to learn constraints that encode domain knowledge and thus require constraint integration. Existing solutions to this challenge have primarily relied on heuristic methods and often ignore the underlying data distribution, harming the generative performance. In this work, we propose a probabilistically sound approach for enforcing the hard constraints into DGMs to generate constraint-compliant and realistic data. This is achieved by our proposed gradient estimators that allow the constrained distribution, the data distribution conditioned on constraints, to be differentiably learned. We carry out extensive experiments with various DGM model architectures over five image datasets and three scientific applications in which domain knowledge is governed by linear equality constraints. We validate that the standard DGMs almost surely generate data violating the constraints. Among all the constraint integration strategies, ours not only guarantees the satisfaction of constraints in generation but also archives superior generative performance than the other methods across every benchmark.
title Deep Generative Models with Hard Linear Equality Constraints
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.05416