Looking To The Horizon: Probing Evolution in the Black Hole Spectrum With Gravitational Wave Catalogs
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arXiv
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| Formato: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866915555936567296 |
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| author | Sadiq, Jam Dent, Thomas Lorenzo-Medina, Ana |
| author_facet | Sadiq, Jam Dent, Thomas Lorenzo-Medina, Ana |
| contents | The population of black holes observed via gravitational waves currently covers the local universe up to a redshift $z\lesssim 1$, for the most massive merging binaries, or $z\lesssim 0.25$ for low-mass BH binaries (BBH). Evolution of the BBH mass spectrum over cosmic time will be a significant probe of formation channels and environments. We demonstrate a reconstruction of the BBH merger rate, allowing for general dependence on binary masses and luminosity distance or redshift and accounting for selection effects, via iterative kernel density estimation (KDE) with optimized multidimensional bandwidths. Performing such reconstructions under a range of detailed assumptions, we see no significant evidence for the evolution of BBH masses with redshift, over the range where detected events are available. At most, possible trends towards increasing merger rate with redshift for primary masses $m_1\gtrsim 50\,M_\odot$, or towards decreasing merger rate with redshift for primary masses $m_1 \lesssim 40 M\odot$ may be supported. We compare these findings with previous investigations and caution against over-interpreting the current, sparse, data. Significantly upgraded detectors and/or facilities, and longer observing times, are required to harness any correlations of the BBH mass distribution with redshift. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_06451 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Looking To The Horizon: Probing Evolution in the Black Hole Spectrum With Gravitational Wave Catalogs Sadiq, Jam Dent, Thomas Lorenzo-Medina, Ana General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology The population of black holes observed via gravitational waves currently covers the local universe up to a redshift $z\lesssim 1$, for the most massive merging binaries, or $z\lesssim 0.25$ for low-mass BH binaries (BBH). Evolution of the BBH mass spectrum over cosmic time will be a significant probe of formation channels and environments. We demonstrate a reconstruction of the BBH merger rate, allowing for general dependence on binary masses and luminosity distance or redshift and accounting for selection effects, via iterative kernel density estimation (KDE) with optimized multidimensional bandwidths. Performing such reconstructions under a range of detailed assumptions, we see no significant evidence for the evolution of BBH masses with redshift, over the range where detected events are available. At most, possible trends towards increasing merger rate with redshift for primary masses $m_1\gtrsim 50\,M_\odot$, or towards decreasing merger rate with redshift for primary masses $m_1 \lesssim 40 M\odot$ may be supported. We compare these findings with previous investigations and caution against over-interpreting the current, sparse, data. Significantly upgraded detectors and/or facilities, and longer observing times, are required to harness any correlations of the BBH mass distribution with redshift. |
| title | Looking To The Horizon: Probing Evolution in the Black Hole Spectrum With Gravitational Wave Catalogs |
| topic | General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.06451 |