Handwritten Text Recognition: A Survey

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Garrido-Munoz, Carlos, Rios-Vila, Antonio, Calvo-Zaragoza, Jorge
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2025
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author Garrido-Munoz, Carlos
Rios-Vila, Antonio
Calvo-Zaragoza, Jorge
author_facet Garrido-Munoz, Carlos
Rios-Vila, Antonio
Calvo-Zaragoza, Jorge
contents Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) has become an essential field within pattern recognition and machine learning, with applications spanning historical document preservation to modern data entry and accessibility solutions. The complexity of HTR lies in the high variability of handwriting, which makes it challenging to develop robust recognition systems. This survey examines the evolution of HTR models, tracing their progression from early heuristic-based approaches to contemporary state-of-the-art neural models, which leverage deep learning techniques. The scope of the field has also expanded, with models initially capable of recognizing only word-level content progressing to recent end-to-end document-level approaches. Our paper categorizes existing work into two primary levels of recognition: (1) \emph{up to line-level}, encompassing word and line recognition, and (2) \emph{beyond line-level}, addressing paragraph- and document-level challenges. We provide a unified framework that examines research methodologies, recent advances in benchmarking, key datasets in the field, and a discussion of the results reported in the literature. Finally, we identify pressing research challenges and outline promising future directions, aiming to equip researchers and practitioners with a roadmap for advancing the field.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_08417
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Handwritten Text Recognition: A Survey
Garrido-Munoz, Carlos
Rios-Vila, Antonio
Calvo-Zaragoza, Jorge
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) has become an essential field within pattern recognition and machine learning, with applications spanning historical document preservation to modern data entry and accessibility solutions. The complexity of HTR lies in the high variability of handwriting, which makes it challenging to develop robust recognition systems. This survey examines the evolution of HTR models, tracing their progression from early heuristic-based approaches to contemporary state-of-the-art neural models, which leverage deep learning techniques. The scope of the field has also expanded, with models initially capable of recognizing only word-level content progressing to recent end-to-end document-level approaches. Our paper categorizes existing work into two primary levels of recognition: (1) \emph{up to line-level}, encompassing word and line recognition, and (2) \emph{beyond line-level}, addressing paragraph- and document-level challenges. We provide a unified framework that examines research methodologies, recent advances in benchmarking, key datasets in the field, and a discussion of the results reported in the literature. Finally, we identify pressing research challenges and outline promising future directions, aiming to equip researchers and practitioners with a roadmap for advancing the field.
title Handwritten Text Recognition: A Survey
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.08417