The Born rule -- 100 years ago and today

Fuente: arXiv
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Autor principal: Neumaier, Arnold
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Neumaier, Arnold
author_facet Neumaier, Arnold
contents Details of the contents and the formulations of the Born rule changed considerably from its inception by Born in 1926 to the present day. This paper traces the early history of the Born rule 100 years ago, its generalization (essential for today's quantum optics and quantum information theory) to POVMs around 50 years ago, and a modern derivation from an intuitive definition of the notion of a quantum detector. It is based to a large extent on little known results from the recent books 'Coherent Quantum Physics' (2019) by A. Neumaier and 'Algebraic Quantum Physics, Vol. 1' (2024) by A. Neumaier and D. Westra, Also discussed is the extent to which the various forms of the Born rule have, like any other statement in physics, a restricted domain of validity, which leads to problems when applied outside this domain.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_08545
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Born rule -- 100 years ago and today
Neumaier, Arnold
Quantum Physics
81-03, 81P10, 81P15
Details of the contents and the formulations of the Born rule changed considerably from its inception by Born in 1926 to the present day. This paper traces the early history of the Born rule 100 years ago, its generalization (essential for today's quantum optics and quantum information theory) to POVMs around 50 years ago, and a modern derivation from an intuitive definition of the notion of a quantum detector. It is based to a large extent on little known results from the recent books 'Coherent Quantum Physics' (2019) by A. Neumaier and 'Algebraic Quantum Physics, Vol. 1' (2024) by A. Neumaier and D. Westra, Also discussed is the extent to which the various forms of the Born rule have, like any other statement in physics, a restricted domain of validity, which leads to problems when applied outside this domain.
title The Born rule -- 100 years ago and today
topic Quantum Physics
81-03, 81P10, 81P15
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.08545