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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Vícha, Jakub, Bakalová, Alena, Tkachenko, Olena, Müller, Ana Laura, Stadelmaier, Maximilian
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.08747
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Table of Contents:
  • We assume an extreme scenario, in which the arriving cosmic rays are composed of only iron nuclei at energies above $10^{19.6}\,\text{eV}\simeq40\,\text{EeV}$, while allowing a freedom in the scale of the depth of shower maximum ($X_{\rm{max}}$) and preserving the elongation rate and fluctuations of $X_{\rm{max}}$ predicted by models of hadronic interactions. We derive the shift of the $X_{\rm{max}}$ scale for QGSJet II-04 and Sibyll 2.3d models using the public data from the Pierre Auger Observatory. We then propose a new mass-composition model for the energy evolution of four primary species at the ultra-high energies by fitting the publicly-available $X_{\rm{max}}$ distributions. We discuss the consequences of this Heavy-metal scenario on the energy spectrum of individual primary species, hadronic interaction studies, and the effect of the Galactic magnetic field on the arrival directions.