Summaries as Centroids for Interpretable and Scalable Text Clustering

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Author: Diaz-Rodriguez, Jairo
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Diaz-Rodriguez, Jairo
author_facet Diaz-Rodriguez, Jairo
contents We introduce k-NLPmeans and k-LLMmeans, text-clustering variants of k-means that periodically replace numeric centroids with textual summaries. The key idea, summary-as-centroid, retains k-means assignments in embedding space while producing human-readable, auditable cluster prototypes. The method is LLM-optional: k-NLPmeans uses lightweight, deterministic summarizers, enabling offline, low-cost, and stable operation; k-LLMmeans is a drop-in upgrade that uses an LLM for summaries under a fixed per-iteration budget whose cost does not grow with dataset size. We also present a mini-batch extension for real-time clustering of streaming text. Across diverse datasets, embedding models, and summarization strategies, our approach consistently outperforms classical baselines and approaches the accuracy of recent LLM-based clustering-without extensive LLM calls. Finally, we provide a case study on sequential text streams and release a StackExchange-derived benchmark for evaluating streaming text clustering.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_09667
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Summaries as Centroids for Interpretable and Scalable Text Clustering
Diaz-Rodriguez, Jairo
Computation and Language
Machine Learning
We introduce k-NLPmeans and k-LLMmeans, text-clustering variants of k-means that periodically replace numeric centroids with textual summaries. The key idea, summary-as-centroid, retains k-means assignments in embedding space while producing human-readable, auditable cluster prototypes. The method is LLM-optional: k-NLPmeans uses lightweight, deterministic summarizers, enabling offline, low-cost, and stable operation; k-LLMmeans is a drop-in upgrade that uses an LLM for summaries under a fixed per-iteration budget whose cost does not grow with dataset size. We also present a mini-batch extension for real-time clustering of streaming text. Across diverse datasets, embedding models, and summarization strategies, our approach consistently outperforms classical baselines and approaches the accuracy of recent LLM-based clustering-without extensive LLM calls. Finally, we provide a case study on sequential text streams and release a StackExchange-derived benchmark for evaluating streaming text clustering.
title Summaries as Centroids for Interpretable and Scalable Text Clustering
topic Computation and Language
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.09667