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Main Authors: Dharamshi, Ameer, Neufeld, Anna, Gao, Lucy L., Witten, Daniela, Bien, Jacob
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.09957
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author Dharamshi, Ameer
Neufeld, Anna
Gao, Lucy L.
Witten, Daniela
Bien, Jacob
author_facet Dharamshi, Ameer
Neufeld, Anna
Gao, Lucy L.
Witten, Daniela
Bien, Jacob
contents Recent work has explored data thinning, a generalization of sample splitting that involves decomposing a (possibly matrix-valued) random variable into independent components. In the special case of a $n \times p$ random matrix with independent and identically distributed $N_p(μ, Σ)$ rows, Dharamshi et al. (2024a) provides a comprehensive analysis of the settings in which thinning is or is not possible: briefly, if $Σ$ is unknown, then one can thin provided that $n>1$. However, in some situations a data analyst may not have direct access to the data itself. For example, to preserve individuals' privacy, a data bank may provide only summary statistics such as the sample mean and sample covariance matrix. While the sample mean follows a Gaussian distribution, the sample covariance follows (up to scaling) a Wishart distribution, for which no thinning strategies have yet been proposed. In this note, we fill this gap: we show that it is possible to generate two independent data matrices with independent $N_p(μ, Σ)$ rows, based only on the sample mean and sample covariance matrix. These independent data matrices can either be used directly within a train-test paradigm, or can be used to derive independent summary statistics. Furthermore, they can be recombined to yield the original sample mean and sample covariance.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_09957
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Thinning a Wishart Random Matrix
Dharamshi, Ameer
Neufeld, Anna
Gao, Lucy L.
Witten, Daniela
Bien, Jacob
Methodology
Machine Learning
Recent work has explored data thinning, a generalization of sample splitting that involves decomposing a (possibly matrix-valued) random variable into independent components. In the special case of a $n \times p$ random matrix with independent and identically distributed $N_p(μ, Σ)$ rows, Dharamshi et al. (2024a) provides a comprehensive analysis of the settings in which thinning is or is not possible: briefly, if $Σ$ is unknown, then one can thin provided that $n>1$. However, in some situations a data analyst may not have direct access to the data itself. For example, to preserve individuals' privacy, a data bank may provide only summary statistics such as the sample mean and sample covariance matrix. While the sample mean follows a Gaussian distribution, the sample covariance follows (up to scaling) a Wishart distribution, for which no thinning strategies have yet been proposed. In this note, we fill this gap: we show that it is possible to generate two independent data matrices with independent $N_p(μ, Σ)$ rows, based only on the sample mean and sample covariance matrix. These independent data matrices can either be used directly within a train-test paradigm, or can be used to derive independent summary statistics. Furthermore, they can be recombined to yield the original sample mean and sample covariance.
title Thinning a Wishart Random Matrix
topic Methodology
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.09957