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Main Authors: Baik, Seung Min, Cho, Yongkyu
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.10479
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author Baik, Seung Min
Cho, Yongkyu
author_facet Baik, Seung Min
Cho, Yongkyu
contents This paper examines the lifetime distributions of circular $k$-out-of-$n$: G balanced systems operating in a shock environment, providing a unified framework for both discrete- and continuous-time perspectives. The system remains functioning only if at least $k$ operating units satisfy a predefined balance condition (BC). Building on this concept, we demonstrate that the shock numbers to failure (SNTF) follow a discrete phase-type distribution by modeling the system's stochastic dynamics with a finite Markov chain and applying BC-based state space consolidation. Additionally, we develop a computationally efficient method for directly computing multi-step transition probabilities of the underlying Markov chain. Next, assuming the inter-arrival times between shocks follow a phase-type distribution, we establish that the continuous-time system lifetime, or the time to system failure (TTF), also follows a phase-type distribution with different parameters. Extensive numerical studies illustrate the impact of key parameters-such as the number of units, minimum requirement of the number of operating units, individual unit reliability, choice of balance condition, and inter-shock time distribution-on the SNTF, TTF, and their variability.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_10479
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Lifetime Analysis of Circular $k$-out-of-$n$: G Balanced Systems in a Shock Environment
Baik, Seung Min
Cho, Yongkyu
Systems and Control
Performance
Probability
60J10, 90B25 (Primary) 62N05 (Secondary)
G.3; C.4
This paper examines the lifetime distributions of circular $k$-out-of-$n$: G balanced systems operating in a shock environment, providing a unified framework for both discrete- and continuous-time perspectives. The system remains functioning only if at least $k$ operating units satisfy a predefined balance condition (BC). Building on this concept, we demonstrate that the shock numbers to failure (SNTF) follow a discrete phase-type distribution by modeling the system's stochastic dynamics with a finite Markov chain and applying BC-based state space consolidation. Additionally, we develop a computationally efficient method for directly computing multi-step transition probabilities of the underlying Markov chain. Next, assuming the inter-arrival times between shocks follow a phase-type distribution, we establish that the continuous-time system lifetime, or the time to system failure (TTF), also follows a phase-type distribution with different parameters. Extensive numerical studies illustrate the impact of key parameters-such as the number of units, minimum requirement of the number of operating units, individual unit reliability, choice of balance condition, and inter-shock time distribution-on the SNTF, TTF, and their variability.
title Lifetime Analysis of Circular $k$-out-of-$n$: G Balanced Systems in a Shock Environment
topic Systems and Control
Performance
Probability
60J10, 90B25 (Primary) 62N05 (Secondary)
G.3; C.4
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.10479