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Main Authors: Nguyen, Hieu, He, Zihao, Gandre, Shoumik Atul, Pasupulety, Ujjwal, Shivakumar, Sharanya Kumari, Lerman, Kristina
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.11306
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author Nguyen, Hieu
He, Zihao
Gandre, Shoumik Atul
Pasupulety, Ujjwal
Shivakumar, Sharanya Kumari
Lerman, Kristina
author_facet Nguyen, Hieu
He, Zihao
Gandre, Shoumik Atul
Pasupulety, Ujjwal
Shivakumar, Sharanya Kumari
Lerman, Kristina
contents Large language models (LLMs) often suffer from hallucination, generating factually incorrect or ungrounded content, which limits their reliability in high-stakes applications. A key factor contributing to hallucination is the use of hard labels during training, which enforce deterministic supervision, encourage overconfidence, and disregard the uncertainty inherent in natural language. To address this, we propose mitigating hallucination through knowledge distillation (KD), where a teacher model provides smoothed soft labels to a student model, reducing overconfidence and improving factual grounding. We apply KD during supervised finetuning on instructional data, evaluating its effectiveness across LLMs from different families. Experimental results on summarization benchmarks demonstrate that KD reduces hallucination compared to standard finetuning while preserving performance on general NLP tasks. These findings highlight KD as a promising approach for mitigating hallucination in LLMs and improving model reliability.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_11306
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Smoothing Out Hallucinations: Mitigating LLM Hallucination with Smoothed Knowledge Distillation
Nguyen, Hieu
He, Zihao
Gandre, Shoumik Atul
Pasupulety, Ujjwal
Shivakumar, Sharanya Kumari
Lerman, Kristina
Computation and Language
Machine Learning
Large language models (LLMs) often suffer from hallucination, generating factually incorrect or ungrounded content, which limits their reliability in high-stakes applications. A key factor contributing to hallucination is the use of hard labels during training, which enforce deterministic supervision, encourage overconfidence, and disregard the uncertainty inherent in natural language. To address this, we propose mitigating hallucination through knowledge distillation (KD), where a teacher model provides smoothed soft labels to a student model, reducing overconfidence and improving factual grounding. We apply KD during supervised finetuning on instructional data, evaluating its effectiveness across LLMs from different families. Experimental results on summarization benchmarks demonstrate that KD reduces hallucination compared to standard finetuning while preserving performance on general NLP tasks. These findings highlight KD as a promising approach for mitigating hallucination in LLMs and improving model reliability.
title Smoothing Out Hallucinations: Mitigating LLM Hallucination with Smoothed Knowledge Distillation
topic Computation and Language
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.11306