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Auteurs principaux: Xu, Wenrui, Lyu, Dalin, Wang, Weihang, Feng, Jie, Gao, Chen, Li, Yong
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2025
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Accès en ligne:https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.11859
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author Xu, Wenrui
Lyu, Dalin
Wang, Weihang
Feng, Jie
Gao, Chen
Li, Yong
author_facet Xu, Wenrui
Lyu, Dalin
Wang, Weihang
Feng, Jie
Gao, Chen
Li, Yong
contents The Theory of Multiple Intelligences underscores the hierarchical nature of cognitive capabilities. To advance Spatial Artificial Intelligence, we pioneer a psychometric framework defining five Basic Spatial Abilities (BSAs) in Visual Language Models (VLMs): Spatial Perception, Spatial Relation, Spatial Orientation, Mental Rotation, and Spatial Visualization. Benchmarking 13 mainstream VLMs through nine validated psychometric experiments reveals significant gaps versus humans (average score 24.95 vs. 68.38), with three key findings: 1) VLMs mirror human hierarchies (strongest in 2D orientation, weakest in 3D rotation) with independent BSAs (Pearson's r<0.4); 2) Smaller models such as Qwen2-VL-7B surpass larger counterparts, with Qwen leading (30.82) and InternVL2 lagging (19.6); 3) Interventions like chain-of-thought (0.100 accuracy gain) and 5-shot training (0.259 improvement) show limits from architectural constraints. Identified barriers include weak geometry encoding and missing dynamic simulation. By linking psychometric BSAs to VLM capabilities, we provide a diagnostic toolkit for spatial intelligence evaluation, methodological foundations for embodied AI development, and a cognitive science-informed roadmap for achieving human-like spatial intelligence.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_11859
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Defining and Evaluating Visual Language Models' Basic Spatial Abilities: A Perspective from Psychometrics
Xu, Wenrui
Lyu, Dalin
Wang, Weihang
Feng, Jie
Gao, Chen
Li, Yong
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Computation and Language
The Theory of Multiple Intelligences underscores the hierarchical nature of cognitive capabilities. To advance Spatial Artificial Intelligence, we pioneer a psychometric framework defining five Basic Spatial Abilities (BSAs) in Visual Language Models (VLMs): Spatial Perception, Spatial Relation, Spatial Orientation, Mental Rotation, and Spatial Visualization. Benchmarking 13 mainstream VLMs through nine validated psychometric experiments reveals significant gaps versus humans (average score 24.95 vs. 68.38), with three key findings: 1) VLMs mirror human hierarchies (strongest in 2D orientation, weakest in 3D rotation) with independent BSAs (Pearson's r<0.4); 2) Smaller models such as Qwen2-VL-7B surpass larger counterparts, with Qwen leading (30.82) and InternVL2 lagging (19.6); 3) Interventions like chain-of-thought (0.100 accuracy gain) and 5-shot training (0.259 improvement) show limits from architectural constraints. Identified barriers include weak geometry encoding and missing dynamic simulation. By linking psychometric BSAs to VLM capabilities, we provide a diagnostic toolkit for spatial intelligence evaluation, methodological foundations for embodied AI development, and a cognitive science-informed roadmap for achieving human-like spatial intelligence.
title Defining and Evaluating Visual Language Models' Basic Spatial Abilities: A Perspective from Psychometrics
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.11859