VAQUUM: Are Vague Quantifiers Grounded in Visual Data?

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Wong, Hugh Mee, Nouwen, Rick, Gatt, Albert
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2025
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author Wong, Hugh Mee
Nouwen, Rick
Gatt, Albert
author_facet Wong, Hugh Mee
Nouwen, Rick
Gatt, Albert
contents Vague quantifiers such as "a few" and "many" are influenced by various contextual factors, including the number of objects present in a given context. In this work, we evaluate the extent to which vision-and-language models (VLMs) are compatible with humans when producing or judging the appropriateness of vague quantifiers in visual contexts. We release a novel dataset, VAQUUM, containing 20,300 human ratings on quantified statements across a total of 1089 images. Using this dataset, we compare human judgments and VLM predictions using three different evaluation methods. Our findings show that VLMs, like humans, are influenced by object counts in vague quantifier use. However, we find significant inconsistencies across models in different evaluation settings, suggesting that judging and producing vague quantifiers rely on two different processes.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_11874
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle VAQUUM: Are Vague Quantifiers Grounded in Visual Data?
Wong, Hugh Mee
Nouwen, Rick
Gatt, Albert
Computation and Language
Vague quantifiers such as "a few" and "many" are influenced by various contextual factors, including the number of objects present in a given context. In this work, we evaluate the extent to which vision-and-language models (VLMs) are compatible with humans when producing or judging the appropriateness of vague quantifiers in visual contexts. We release a novel dataset, VAQUUM, containing 20,300 human ratings on quantified statements across a total of 1089 images. Using this dataset, we compare human judgments and VLM predictions using three different evaluation methods. Our findings show that VLMs, like humans, are influenced by object counts in vague quantifier use. However, we find significant inconsistencies across models in different evaluation settings, suggesting that judging and producing vague quantifiers rely on two different processes.
title VAQUUM: Are Vague Quantifiers Grounded in Visual Data?
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.11874