EPO: Explicit Policy Optimization for Strategic Reasoning in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Liu, Xiaoqian, Wang, Ke, Li, Yongbin, Wu, Yuchuan, Ma, Wentao, Kong, Aobo, Huang, Fei, Jiao, Jianbin, Zhang, Junge
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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_version_ 1866908382429970432
author Liu, Xiaoqian
Wang, Ke
Li, Yongbin
Wu, Yuchuan
Ma, Wentao
Kong, Aobo
Huang, Fei
Jiao, Jianbin
Zhang, Junge
author_facet Liu, Xiaoqian
Wang, Ke
Li, Yongbin
Wu, Yuchuan
Ma, Wentao
Kong, Aobo
Huang, Fei
Jiao, Jianbin
Zhang, Junge
contents Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive reasoning capabilities in well-defined problems with clear solutions, such as mathematics and coding. However, they still struggle with complex real-world scenarios like business negotiations, which require strategic reasoning-an ability to navigate dynamic environments and align long-term goals amidst uncertainty. Existing methods for strategic reasoning face challenges in adaptability, scalability, and transferring strategies to new contexts. To address these issues, we propose explicit policy optimization (EPO) for strategic reasoning, featuring an LLM that provides strategies in open-ended action space and can be plugged into arbitrary LLM agents to motivate goal-directed behavior. To improve adaptability and policy transferability, we train the strategic reasoning model via multi-turn reinforcement learning (RL),utilizing process rewards and iterative self-play. Experiments across social and physical domains demonstrate EPO's ability of long-term goal alignment through enhanced strategic reasoning, achieving state-of-the-art performance on social dialogue and web navigation tasks. Our findings reveal various collaborative reasoning mechanisms emergent in EPO and its effectiveness in generating novel strategies, underscoring its potential for strategic reasoning in real-world applications. Code and data are available at https://github.com/AlibabaResearch/DAMO-ConvAI/tree/main/EPO.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_12486
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle EPO: Explicit Policy Optimization for Strategic Reasoning in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning
Liu, Xiaoqian
Wang, Ke
Li, Yongbin
Wu, Yuchuan
Ma, Wentao
Kong, Aobo
Huang, Fei
Jiao, Jianbin
Zhang, Junge
Computation and Language
Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive reasoning capabilities in well-defined problems with clear solutions, such as mathematics and coding. However, they still struggle with complex real-world scenarios like business negotiations, which require strategic reasoning-an ability to navigate dynamic environments and align long-term goals amidst uncertainty. Existing methods for strategic reasoning face challenges in adaptability, scalability, and transferring strategies to new contexts. To address these issues, we propose explicit policy optimization (EPO) for strategic reasoning, featuring an LLM that provides strategies in open-ended action space and can be plugged into arbitrary LLM agents to motivate goal-directed behavior. To improve adaptability and policy transferability, we train the strategic reasoning model via multi-turn reinforcement learning (RL),utilizing process rewards and iterative self-play. Experiments across social and physical domains demonstrate EPO's ability of long-term goal alignment through enhanced strategic reasoning, achieving state-of-the-art performance on social dialogue and web navigation tasks. Our findings reveal various collaborative reasoning mechanisms emergent in EPO and its effectiveness in generating novel strategies, underscoring its potential for strategic reasoning in real-world applications. Code and data are available at https://github.com/AlibabaResearch/DAMO-ConvAI/tree/main/EPO.
title EPO: Explicit Policy Optimization for Strategic Reasoning in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.12486