Bridging Theory and Observations: Insights into Star Formation Efficiency and Dust Attenuation in $z > 5$ Galaxies
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arXiv
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2025
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| author | Toyouchi, Daisuke Yajima, Hidenobu Ferrara, Andrea Nagamine, Kentaro |
| author_facet | Toyouchi, Daisuke Yajima, Hidenobu Ferrara, Andrea Nagamine, Kentaro |
| contents | We investigate early galaxy evolution by modeling self-consistently their radially-resolved evolution of gas, stars, heavy elements, and dust content. Our model successfully reproduces various observed properties of JWST-identified galaxies at $z > 5$, including sizes, stellar masses, star formation rates (SFR), metallicities, and dust-to-stellar mass ratios. We show that the star formation efficiency (SFE), $f_\ast \equiv {\rm SFR}/(f_{\rm b} \dot{M}_{\rm h})$, is regulated by the global equilibrium between cosmological gas inflows, star formation, and gas outflows. Our model predicts $f_\ast \lesssim 20~\%$ for galaxies with halo masses of $M_{\rm h} \sim 10^{11-12}\, M_\odot$ down to $z = 5$, allowing them to reach intrinsic UV magnitudes of $M_{\rm UV} \lesssim -22~{\rm mag}$; when dust attenuation is ignored, the predicted UV luminosity function (LF) at $z \sim 12$ agrees well with observations. However, our model also suggests that these galaxies would be heavily obscured by dust, with high optical depths at 1500~Å~of $τ_{1500} \gtrsim 10$, causing the dust-attenuated UV LF to fall significantly below the observed one. This discrepancy highlights the need for mechanisms that mitigate strong dust attenuation, such as dust evacuation from star-forming regions and/or preferential production of large dust grains. Further exploration of these processes is essential for understanding the early stages of galaxy evolution. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_12538 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Bridging Theory and Observations: Insights into Star Formation Efficiency and Dust Attenuation in $z > 5$ Galaxies Toyouchi, Daisuke Yajima, Hidenobu Ferrara, Andrea Nagamine, Kentaro Astrophysics of Galaxies We investigate early galaxy evolution by modeling self-consistently their radially-resolved evolution of gas, stars, heavy elements, and dust content. Our model successfully reproduces various observed properties of JWST-identified galaxies at $z > 5$, including sizes, stellar masses, star formation rates (SFR), metallicities, and dust-to-stellar mass ratios. We show that the star formation efficiency (SFE), $f_\ast \equiv {\rm SFR}/(f_{\rm b} \dot{M}_{\rm h})$, is regulated by the global equilibrium between cosmological gas inflows, star formation, and gas outflows. Our model predicts $f_\ast \lesssim 20~\%$ for galaxies with halo masses of $M_{\rm h} \sim 10^{11-12}\, M_\odot$ down to $z = 5$, allowing them to reach intrinsic UV magnitudes of $M_{\rm UV} \lesssim -22~{\rm mag}$; when dust attenuation is ignored, the predicted UV luminosity function (LF) at $z \sim 12$ agrees well with observations. However, our model also suggests that these galaxies would be heavily obscured by dust, with high optical depths at 1500~Å~of $τ_{1500} \gtrsim 10$, causing the dust-attenuated UV LF to fall significantly below the observed one. This discrepancy highlights the need for mechanisms that mitigate strong dust attenuation, such as dust evacuation from star-forming regions and/or preferential production of large dust grains. Further exploration of these processes is essential for understanding the early stages of galaxy evolution. |
| title | Bridging Theory and Observations: Insights into Star Formation Efficiency and Dust Attenuation in $z > 5$ Galaxies |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.12538 |