Cyber-Physical Systems Security: A Comprehensive Review of Anomaly Detection Techniques

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Abshari, Danial, Sridhar, Meera
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Abshari, Danial
Sridhar, Meera
author_facet Abshari, Danial
Sridhar, Meera
contents In an increasingly interconnected world, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are essential to critical industries like healthcare, transportation, and manufacturing, merging physical processes with computational intelligence. However, the security of these systems is a major concern. Anomalies, whether from sensor malfunctions or cyberattacks, can lead to catastrophic failures, making effective detection vital for preventing harm and service disruptions. This paper provides a comprehensive review of anomaly detection techniques in CPS. We categorize and compare various methods, including data-driven approaches (machine learning, deep learning, machine learning-deep learning ensemble), model-driven approaches (mathematical, invariant-based), hybrid datamodel approaches (Physics-Informed Neural Networks), and system-oriented approaches. Our analysis highlights the strengths and weaknesses of each technique, offering a practical guide for creating safer and more reliable systems. By identifying current research gaps, we aim to inspire future work that will enhance the security and adaptability of CPS in our automated world.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_13256
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Cyber-Physical Systems Security: A Comprehensive Review of Anomaly Detection Techniques
Abshari, Danial
Sridhar, Meera
Cryptography and Security
Artificial Intelligence
In an increasingly interconnected world, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are essential to critical industries like healthcare, transportation, and manufacturing, merging physical processes with computational intelligence. However, the security of these systems is a major concern. Anomalies, whether from sensor malfunctions or cyberattacks, can lead to catastrophic failures, making effective detection vital for preventing harm and service disruptions. This paper provides a comprehensive review of anomaly detection techniques in CPS. We categorize and compare various methods, including data-driven approaches (machine learning, deep learning, machine learning-deep learning ensemble), model-driven approaches (mathematical, invariant-based), hybrid datamodel approaches (Physics-Informed Neural Networks), and system-oriented approaches. Our analysis highlights the strengths and weaknesses of each technique, offering a practical guide for creating safer and more reliable systems. By identifying current research gaps, we aim to inspire future work that will enhance the security and adaptability of CPS in our automated world.
title Cyber-Physical Systems Security: A Comprehensive Review of Anomaly Detection Techniques
topic Cryptography and Security
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.13256