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Main Authors: Zeng, Shenglai, He, Pengfei, Guo, Kai, Zheng, Tianqi, Lu, Hanqing, Xing, Yue, Liu, Hui
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.14100
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author Zeng, Shenglai
He, Pengfei
Guo, Kai
Zheng, Tianqi
Lu, Hanqing
Xing, Yue
Liu, Hui
author_facet Zeng, Shenglai
He, Pengfei
Guo, Kai
Zheng, Tianqi
Lu, Hanqing
Xing, Yue
Liu, Hui
contents Large Language Models (LLMs) enhanced with external contexts, such as through retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), often face challenges in handling imperfect evidence. They tend to over-rely on external knowledge, making them vulnerable to misleading and unhelpful contexts. To address this, we propose the concept of context-robust LLMs, which can effectively balance internal knowledge with external context, similar to human cognitive processes. Specifically, context-robust LLMs should rely on external context only when lacking internal knowledge, identify contradictions between internal and external knowledge, and disregard unhelpful contexts. To achieve this goal, we introduce Grft, a lightweight and plug-and-play gated representation fine-tuning approach. Grft consists of two key components: a gating mechanism to detect and filter problematic inputs, and low-rank representation adapters to adjust hidden representations. By training a lightweight intervention function with only 0.0004\% of model size on fewer than 200 examples, Grft can effectively adapt LLMs towards context-robust behaviors.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_14100
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Towards Context-Robust LLMs: A Gated Representation Fine-tuning Approach
Zeng, Shenglai
He, Pengfei
Guo, Kai
Zheng, Tianqi
Lu, Hanqing
Xing, Yue
Liu, Hui
Computation and Language
Information Retrieval
Large Language Models (LLMs) enhanced with external contexts, such as through retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), often face challenges in handling imperfect evidence. They tend to over-rely on external knowledge, making them vulnerable to misleading and unhelpful contexts. To address this, we propose the concept of context-robust LLMs, which can effectively balance internal knowledge with external context, similar to human cognitive processes. Specifically, context-robust LLMs should rely on external context only when lacking internal knowledge, identify contradictions between internal and external knowledge, and disregard unhelpful contexts. To achieve this goal, we introduce Grft, a lightweight and plug-and-play gated representation fine-tuning approach. Grft consists of two key components: a gating mechanism to detect and filter problematic inputs, and low-rank representation adapters to adjust hidden representations. By training a lightweight intervention function with only 0.0004\% of model size on fewer than 200 examples, Grft can effectively adapt LLMs towards context-robust behaviors.
title Towards Context-Robust LLMs: A Gated Representation Fine-tuning Approach
topic Computation and Language
Information Retrieval
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.14100