Near-Field Motion Parameter Estimation: A Variational Bayesian Approach

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Meng, Chunwei, Wang, Zhaolin, Wei, Zhiqing, Liu, Yuanwei, Feng, Zhiyong
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2025
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author Meng, Chunwei
Wang, Zhaolin
Wei, Zhiqing
Liu, Yuanwei
Feng, Zhiyong
author_facet Meng, Chunwei
Wang, Zhaolin
Wei, Zhiqing
Liu, Yuanwei
Feng, Zhiyong
contents A near-field motion parameter estimation method is proposed. In contract to far-field sensing systems, the near-field sensing system leverages spherical-wave characteristics to enable full-vector location and velocity estimation. Despite promising advantages, the near-field sensing system faces a significant challenge, where location and velocity parameters are intricately coupled within the signal. To address this challenge, a novel subarray-based variational message passing (VMP) method is proposed for near-field joint location and velocity estimation. First, a factor graph representation is introduced, employing subarray-level directional and Doppler parameters as intermediate variables to decouple the complex location-velocity dependencies. Based on this, the variational Bayesian inference is employed to obtain closed-form posterior distributions of subarray-level parameters. Subsequently, the message passing technique is employed, enabling tractable computation of location and velocity marginal distributions. Two implementation strategies are proposed: 1) System-level fusion that aggregates all subarray posteriors for centralized estimation, or 2) Subarray-level fusion where locally processed estimates from subarrays are fused through Guassian product rule. Cramér-Rao bounds for location and velocity estimation are derived, providing theoretical performance limits. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed VMP method outperforms existing approaches while achieving a magnitude lower complexity. Specifically, the proposed VMP method achieves centimeter-level location accuracy and sub-m/s velocity accuracy. It also demonstrates robust performance for high-mobility targets, making the proposed VMP method suitable for real-time near-field sensing and communication applications.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_14193
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Near-Field Motion Parameter Estimation: A Variational Bayesian Approach
Meng, Chunwei
Wang, Zhaolin
Wei, Zhiqing
Liu, Yuanwei
Feng, Zhiyong
Signal Processing
A near-field motion parameter estimation method is proposed. In contract to far-field sensing systems, the near-field sensing system leverages spherical-wave characteristics to enable full-vector location and velocity estimation. Despite promising advantages, the near-field sensing system faces a significant challenge, where location and velocity parameters are intricately coupled within the signal. To address this challenge, a novel subarray-based variational message passing (VMP) method is proposed for near-field joint location and velocity estimation. First, a factor graph representation is introduced, employing subarray-level directional and Doppler parameters as intermediate variables to decouple the complex location-velocity dependencies. Based on this, the variational Bayesian inference is employed to obtain closed-form posterior distributions of subarray-level parameters. Subsequently, the message passing technique is employed, enabling tractable computation of location and velocity marginal distributions. Two implementation strategies are proposed: 1) System-level fusion that aggregates all subarray posteriors for centralized estimation, or 2) Subarray-level fusion where locally processed estimates from subarrays are fused through Guassian product rule. Cramér-Rao bounds for location and velocity estimation are derived, providing theoretical performance limits. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed VMP method outperforms existing approaches while achieving a magnitude lower complexity. Specifically, the proposed VMP method achieves centimeter-level location accuracy and sub-m/s velocity accuracy. It also demonstrates robust performance for high-mobility targets, making the proposed VMP method suitable for real-time near-field sensing and communication applications.
title Near-Field Motion Parameter Estimation: A Variational Bayesian Approach
topic Signal Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.14193