Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ulrich, Anja, Brahim, Kamal, Boelen, Andries, Debaets, Michiel, Sun, Conglin, Huang, Yishu, Saseendran, Sandeep Seema, Baryshnikova, Marina, Favia, Paola, Nuytten, Thomas, Sergeant, Stefanie, Van Gasse, Kasper, Kuyken, Bart, De Greve, Kristiaan, Merckling, Clement, Haffner, Christian
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.14349
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866908613280268288
author Ulrich, Anja
Brahim, Kamal
Boelen, Andries
Debaets, Michiel
Sun, Conglin
Huang, Yishu
Saseendran, Sandeep Seema
Baryshnikova, Marina
Favia, Paola
Nuytten, Thomas
Sergeant, Stefanie
Van Gasse, Kasper
Kuyken, Bart
De Greve, Kristiaan
Merckling, Clement
Haffner, Christian
author_facet Ulrich, Anja
Brahim, Kamal
Boelen, Andries
Debaets, Michiel
Sun, Conglin
Huang, Yishu
Saseendran, Sandeep Seema
Baryshnikova, Marina
Favia, Paola
Nuytten, Thomas
Sergeant, Stefanie
Van Gasse, Kasper
Kuyken, Bart
De Greve, Kristiaan
Merckling, Clement
Haffner, Christian
contents Materials which exhibit the Pockels effect are notable for their strong electro-optic interaction and rapid response times and are therefore used extensively in classical electro-optic components for data and telecommunication applications. Yet many materials optimized for room-temperature operation see their Pockels coefficients at cryogenic temperatures significantly reduced - a major hurdle for emerging quantum technologies which have even more rigorous demands than their classical counterpart. A noted example is $\mathrm{BaTiO_3}$, which features the strongest effective Pockels coefficient at room temperature, only to see it reduced to a third (i.e. $\mathrm{r_{eff}} \approx$ 170 pm/V) at a few Kelvin. Here, we show that this behaviour is not inherent and can even be reversed: Strontium titanate ($\mathrm{SrTiO_3}$), a material normally not featuring a Pockels coefficient, can be engineered to exhibit an $\mathrm{r_{eff}}$ of 345 pm/V at cryogenic temperatures - a record value in any thin-film electro-optic material. By adjusting the stoichiometry, we can increase the Curie temperature and realise a ferroelectric phase that yields a high Pockels coefficient, yet with limited optical losses - on the order of decibels per centimetre. Our findings position $\mathrm{SrTiO_3}$ as one of the most promising materials for cryogenic quantum photonics applications.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_14349
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Engineering high Pockels coefficients in thin-film strontium titanate for cryogenic quantum electro-optic applications
Ulrich, Anja
Brahim, Kamal
Boelen, Andries
Debaets, Michiel
Sun, Conglin
Huang, Yishu
Saseendran, Sandeep Seema
Baryshnikova, Marina
Favia, Paola
Nuytten, Thomas
Sergeant, Stefanie
Van Gasse, Kasper
Kuyken, Bart
De Greve, Kristiaan
Merckling, Clement
Haffner, Christian
Optics
Quantum Physics
Materials which exhibit the Pockels effect are notable for their strong electro-optic interaction and rapid response times and are therefore used extensively in classical electro-optic components for data and telecommunication applications. Yet many materials optimized for room-temperature operation see their Pockels coefficients at cryogenic temperatures significantly reduced - a major hurdle for emerging quantum technologies which have even more rigorous demands than their classical counterpart. A noted example is $\mathrm{BaTiO_3}$, which features the strongest effective Pockels coefficient at room temperature, only to see it reduced to a third (i.e. $\mathrm{r_{eff}} \approx$ 170 pm/V) at a few Kelvin. Here, we show that this behaviour is not inherent and can even be reversed: Strontium titanate ($\mathrm{SrTiO_3}$), a material normally not featuring a Pockels coefficient, can be engineered to exhibit an $\mathrm{r_{eff}}$ of 345 pm/V at cryogenic temperatures - a record value in any thin-film electro-optic material. By adjusting the stoichiometry, we can increase the Curie temperature and realise a ferroelectric phase that yields a high Pockels coefficient, yet with limited optical losses - on the order of decibels per centimetre. Our findings position $\mathrm{SrTiO_3}$ as one of the most promising materials for cryogenic quantum photonics applications.
title Engineering high Pockels coefficients in thin-film strontium titanate for cryogenic quantum electro-optic applications
topic Optics
Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.14349