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The Dynamical State of the Didymos System Before and After the DART Impact

Fuente: arXiv

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Auteurs principaux:	Richardson, Derek C., Agrusa, Harrison F., Barbee, Brent, Cueva, Rachel H., Ferrari, Fabio, Jacobson, Seth A., Makadia, Rahil, Meyer, Alex J., Michel, Patrick, Nakano, Ryota, Zhang, Yun, Abell, Paul, Merrill, Colby C., Bagatin, Adriano Campo, Barnouin, Olivier, Chabot, Nancy L., Cheng, Andrew F., Chesley, Steven R., Daly, R. Terik, Eggl, Siegfried, Ernst, Carolyn M., Fahnestock, Eugene G., Farnham, Tony L., Fuentes-Munoz, Oscar, Gramigna, Edoardo, Hamilton, Douglas P., Hirabayashi, Masatoshi, Jutzi, Martin, Lyzhoft, Josh, Manghi, Riccardo Lasagni, McMahon, Jay, Moreno, Fernando, Murdoch, Naomi, Naidu, Shantanu P., Palmer, Eric E., Panicucci, Paolo, Pou, Laurent, Pravec, Petr, Raducan, Sabina D., Rivkin, Andrew S., Rossi, Alessandro, Sanchez, Paul, Scheeres, Daniel J., Scheirich, Peter, Schwartz, Stephen R., Souami, Damya, Tancredi, Gonzalo, Tanga, Paolo, Tortora, Paolo, Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M., Tsiganis, Kleomenis, Wimarsson, John, Zannoni, Marco
Format:	Preprint
Publié:	2025
Sujets:	Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Accès en ligne:	Acceder al recurso
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_version_	1866909503414337536
author	Richardson, Derek C. Agrusa, Harrison F. Barbee, Brent Cueva, Rachel H. Ferrari, Fabio Jacobson, Seth A. Makadia, Rahil Meyer, Alex J. Michel, Patrick Nakano, Ryota Zhang, Yun Abell, Paul Merrill, Colby C. Bagatin, Adriano Campo Barnouin, Olivier Chabot, Nancy L. Cheng, Andrew F. Chesley, Steven R. Daly, R. Terik Eggl, Siegfried Ernst, Carolyn M. Fahnestock, Eugene G. Farnham, Tony L. Fuentes-Munoz, Oscar Gramigna, Edoardo Hamilton, Douglas P. Hirabayashi, Masatoshi Jutzi, Martin Lyzhoft, Josh Manghi, Riccardo Lasagni McMahon, Jay Moreno, Fernando Murdoch, Naomi Naidu, Shantanu P. Palmer, Eric E. Panicucci, Paolo Pou, Laurent Pravec, Petr Raducan, Sabina D. Rivkin, Andrew S. Rossi, Alessandro Sanchez, Paul Scheeres, Daniel J. Scheirich, Peter Schwartz, Stephen R. Souami, Damya Tancredi, Gonzalo Tanga, Paolo Tortora, Paolo Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M. Tsiganis, Kleomenis Wimarsson, John Zannoni, Marco
author_facet	Richardson, Derek C. Agrusa, Harrison F. Barbee, Brent Cueva, Rachel H. Ferrari, Fabio Jacobson, Seth A. Makadia, Rahil Meyer, Alex J. Michel, Patrick Nakano, Ryota Zhang, Yun Abell, Paul Merrill, Colby C. Bagatin, Adriano Campo Barnouin, Olivier Chabot, Nancy L. Cheng, Andrew F. Chesley, Steven R. Daly, R. Terik Eggl, Siegfried Ernst, Carolyn M. Fahnestock, Eugene G. Farnham, Tony L. Fuentes-Munoz, Oscar Gramigna, Edoardo Hamilton, Douglas P. Hirabayashi, Masatoshi Jutzi, Martin Lyzhoft, Josh Manghi, Riccardo Lasagni McMahon, Jay Moreno, Fernando Murdoch, Naomi Naidu, Shantanu P. Palmer, Eric E. Panicucci, Paolo Pou, Laurent Pravec, Petr Raducan, Sabina D. Rivkin, Andrew S. Rossi, Alessandro Sanchez, Paul Scheeres, Daniel J. Scheirich, Peter Schwartz, Stephen R. Souami, Damya Tancredi, Gonzalo Tanga, Paolo Tortora, Paolo Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M. Tsiganis, Kleomenis Wimarsson, John Zannoni, Marco
contents	NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft impacted Dimorphos, the natural satellite of (65803) Didymos, on 2022 September 26, as a first successful test of kinetic impactor technology for deflecting a potentially hazardous object in space. The experiment resulted in a small change to the dynamical state of the Didymos system consistent with expectations and Level 1 mission requirements. In the pre-encounter paper Richardson (2022), predictions were put forward regarding the pre- and post-impact dynamical state of the Didymos system. Here we assess these predictions, update preliminary findings published after the impact, report on new findings related to dynamics, and provide implications for ESA's Hera mission to Didymos, scheduled for launch in 2024 with arrival in late December 2026. Pre-encounter predictions tested to date are largely in line with observations, despite the unexpected, flattened appearance of Didymos compared to the radar model and the apparent pre-impact oblate shape of Dimorphos (with implications for the origin of the system that remain under investigation). New findings include that Dimorphos likely became prolate due to the impact and may have entered a tumbling rotation state. A possible detection of a post-impact transient secular decrease in the binary orbital period suggests possible dynamical coupling with persistent ejecta. Timescales for damping of any tumbling and clearing of any debris are uncertain. The largest uncertainty in the momentum transfer enhancement factor of the DART impact remains the mass of Dimorphos, which will be resolved by the Hera mission.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_14990
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	The Dynamical State of the Didymos System Before and After the DART Impact Richardson, Derek C. Agrusa, Harrison F. Barbee, Brent Cueva, Rachel H. Ferrari, Fabio Jacobson, Seth A. Makadia, Rahil Meyer, Alex J. Michel, Patrick Nakano, Ryota Zhang, Yun Abell, Paul Merrill, Colby C. Bagatin, Adriano Campo Barnouin, Olivier Chabot, Nancy L. Cheng, Andrew F. Chesley, Steven R. Daly, R. Terik Eggl, Siegfried Ernst, Carolyn M. Fahnestock, Eugene G. Farnham, Tony L. Fuentes-Munoz, Oscar Gramigna, Edoardo Hamilton, Douglas P. Hirabayashi, Masatoshi Jutzi, Martin Lyzhoft, Josh Manghi, Riccardo Lasagni McMahon, Jay Moreno, Fernando Murdoch, Naomi Naidu, Shantanu P. Palmer, Eric E. Panicucci, Paolo Pou, Laurent Pravec, Petr Raducan, Sabina D. Rivkin, Andrew S. Rossi, Alessandro Sanchez, Paul Scheeres, Daniel J. Scheirich, Peter Schwartz, Stephen R. Souami, Damya Tancredi, Gonzalo Tanga, Paolo Tortora, Paolo Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M. Tsiganis, Kleomenis Wimarsson, John Zannoni, Marco Earth and Planetary Astrophysics NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft impacted Dimorphos, the natural satellite of (65803) Didymos, on 2022 September 26, as a first successful test of kinetic impactor technology for deflecting a potentially hazardous object in space. The experiment resulted in a small change to the dynamical state of the Didymos system consistent with expectations and Level 1 mission requirements. In the pre-encounter paper Richardson (2022), predictions were put forward regarding the pre- and post-impact dynamical state of the Didymos system. Here we assess these predictions, update preliminary findings published after the impact, report on new findings related to dynamics, and provide implications for ESA's Hera mission to Didymos, scheduled for launch in 2024 with arrival in late December 2026. Pre-encounter predictions tested to date are largely in line with observations, despite the unexpected, flattened appearance of Didymos compared to the radar model and the apparent pre-impact oblate shape of Dimorphos (with implications for the origin of the system that remain under investigation). New findings include that Dimorphos likely became prolate due to the impact and may have entered a tumbling rotation state. A possible detection of a post-impact transient secular decrease in the binary orbital period suggests possible dynamical coupling with persistent ejecta. Timescales for damping of any tumbling and clearing of any debris are uncertain. The largest uncertainty in the momentum transfer enhancement factor of the DART impact remains the mass of Dimorphos, which will be resolved by the Hera mission.
title	The Dynamical State of the Didymos System Before and After the DART Impact
topic	Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.14990