A Study on Interaction Complexity and Time

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Bonora, Leonardo Germán Loza, Grigera, Julián, Degen, Helmut
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Bonora, Leonardo Germán Loza
Grigera, Julián
Degen, Helmut
author_facet Bonora, Leonardo Germán Loza
Grigera, Julián
Degen, Helmut
contents Testing Web User Interfaces (UIs) requires considerable time and effort and resources, most notably participants for user testing. Additionally, the tests results may demand adjustments on the UI, taking further resources and testing. Early tests can make this process less costly with the help of low fidelity prototypes, but it is difficult to conduct user tests on them, and recruiting participants is still necessary. To tackle this issue, there are tools that can predict UI aspects like interaction time, as the well-known KLM model. Another aspect that can be predicted is complexity, and this was achieved by the Big I notation, which can be applied to early UX concepts like lo-fi wireframes. Big I assists developers in estimating the interaction complexity, specified as a function of user steps, which are composed of abstracted user actions. Interaction complexity is expressed in mathematical terms, making the comparison of interaction complexities for various UX concepts easy. However, big I is not able to predict execution time for user actions, which would be very helpful for early assessment of lo-fi prototypes. To address this shortcoming, in this paper we present a study in which we took measurements from real users (n=100) completing tasks in a fictitious website, in order to derive average times per interaction step. Using these results, we were able to study the relationship between interaction complexity and time and ultimately complement big I predictions with time estimates.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_15095
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Study on Interaction Complexity and Time
Bonora, Leonardo Germán Loza
Grigera, Julián
Degen, Helmut
Human-Computer Interaction
Testing Web User Interfaces (UIs) requires considerable time and effort and resources, most notably participants for user testing. Additionally, the tests results may demand adjustments on the UI, taking further resources and testing. Early tests can make this process less costly with the help of low fidelity prototypes, but it is difficult to conduct user tests on them, and recruiting participants is still necessary. To tackle this issue, there are tools that can predict UI aspects like interaction time, as the well-known KLM model. Another aspect that can be predicted is complexity, and this was achieved by the Big I notation, which can be applied to early UX concepts like lo-fi wireframes. Big I assists developers in estimating the interaction complexity, specified as a function of user steps, which are composed of abstracted user actions. Interaction complexity is expressed in mathematical terms, making the comparison of interaction complexities for various UX concepts easy. However, big I is not able to predict execution time for user actions, which would be very helpful for early assessment of lo-fi prototypes. To address this shortcoming, in this paper we present a study in which we took measurements from real users (n=100) completing tasks in a fictitious website, in order to derive average times per interaction step. Using these results, we were able to study the relationship between interaction complexity and time and ultimately complement big I predictions with time estimates.
title A Study on Interaction Complexity and Time
topic Human-Computer Interaction
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.15095