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Main Authors: Godoy, Lucas da Cunha, Prates, Marcos Oliveira, Quintana, Fernando Andrés, Yan, Jun
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.15146
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author Godoy, Lucas da Cunha
Prates, Marcos Oliveira
Quintana, Fernando Andrés
Yan, Jun
author_facet Godoy, Lucas da Cunha
Prates, Marcos Oliveira
Quintana, Fernando Andrés
Yan, Jun
contents Distances between sets arise naturally when modeling stochastic dependence on collections of spatial supports, including settings with point-referenced and areal observations. However, commonly used constructions of distances on sets, including those derived from the Hausdorff distance, generally fail to be conditionally negative definite, precluding their use in isotropic covariance models. We propose the ball--Hausdorff distance, defined as the Hausdorff distance between the minimum enclosing balls of bounded sets in a metric space. For length spaces, we derive an explicit representation of this distance in terms of the associated centers and radii. We show that the ball--Hausdorff distance is conditionally negative definite whenever the underlying metric is conditionally negative definite. By Schoenberg's theorem, this implies an isometric embedding into a Hilbert space and guarantees the validity of broad classes of isotropic covariance functions, including the Matérn and powered exponential families, for set-indexed random fields. The construction reduces dependence between sets to low-dimensional geometric summaries, leading to substantial simplifications in covariance evaluation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_15146
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle On the Validity of Isotropic Covariance Functions for Set-indexed Random Fields
Godoy, Lucas da Cunha
Prates, Marcos Oliveira
Quintana, Fernando Andrés
Yan, Jun
Methodology
62M99 (Primary), 62M30 (Primary), 60K99 (Secondary)
Distances between sets arise naturally when modeling stochastic dependence on collections of spatial supports, including settings with point-referenced and areal observations. However, commonly used constructions of distances on sets, including those derived from the Hausdorff distance, generally fail to be conditionally negative definite, precluding their use in isotropic covariance models. We propose the ball--Hausdorff distance, defined as the Hausdorff distance between the minimum enclosing balls of bounded sets in a metric space. For length spaces, we derive an explicit representation of this distance in terms of the associated centers and radii. We show that the ball--Hausdorff distance is conditionally negative definite whenever the underlying metric is conditionally negative definite. By Schoenberg's theorem, this implies an isometric embedding into a Hilbert space and guarantees the validity of broad classes of isotropic covariance functions, including the Matérn and powered exponential families, for set-indexed random fields. The construction reduces dependence between sets to low-dimensional geometric summaries, leading to substantial simplifications in covariance evaluation.
title On the Validity of Isotropic Covariance Functions for Set-indexed Random Fields
topic Methodology
62M99 (Primary), 62M30 (Primary), 60K99 (Secondary)
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.15146