FaultGPT: Industrial Fault Diagnosis Question Answering System by Vision Language Models

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Hauptverfasser: Chen, Jiao, Huang, Ruyi, Lv, Zuohong, Tang, Jianhua, Li, Weihua
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Chen, Jiao
Huang, Ruyi
Lv, Zuohong
Tang, Jianhua
Li, Weihua
author_facet Chen, Jiao
Huang, Ruyi
Lv, Zuohong
Tang, Jianhua
Li, Weihua
contents Recently, employing single-modality large language models based on mechanical vibration signals as Tuning Predictors has introduced new perspectives in intelligent fault diagnosis. However, the potential of these methods to leverage multimodal data remains underexploited, particularly in complex mechanical systems where relying on a single data source often fails to capture comprehensive fault information. In this paper, we present FaultGPT, a novel model that generates fault diagnosis reports directly from raw vibration signals. By leveraging large vision-language models (LVLM) and text-based supervision, FaultGPT performs end-to-end fault diagnosis question answering (FDQA), distinguishing itself from traditional classification or regression approaches. Specifically, we construct a large-scale FDQA instruction dataset for instruction tuning of LVLM. This dataset includes vibration time-frequency image-text label pairs and human instruction-ground truth pairs. To enhance the capability in generating high-quality fault diagnosis reports, we design a multi-scale cross-modal image decoder to extract fine-grained fault semantics and conducted instruction tuning without introducing additional training parameters into the LVLM. Extensive experiments, including fault diagnosis report generation, few-shot and zero-shot evaluation across multiple datasets, validate the superior performance and adaptability of FaultGPT in diverse industrial scenarios.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_15481
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle FaultGPT: Industrial Fault Diagnosis Question Answering System by Vision Language Models
Chen, Jiao
Huang, Ruyi
Lv, Zuohong
Tang, Jianhua
Li, Weihua
Emerging Technologies
Signal Processing
Recently, employing single-modality large language models based on mechanical vibration signals as Tuning Predictors has introduced new perspectives in intelligent fault diagnosis. However, the potential of these methods to leverage multimodal data remains underexploited, particularly in complex mechanical systems where relying on a single data source often fails to capture comprehensive fault information. In this paper, we present FaultGPT, a novel model that generates fault diagnosis reports directly from raw vibration signals. By leveraging large vision-language models (LVLM) and text-based supervision, FaultGPT performs end-to-end fault diagnosis question answering (FDQA), distinguishing itself from traditional classification or regression approaches. Specifically, we construct a large-scale FDQA instruction dataset for instruction tuning of LVLM. This dataset includes vibration time-frequency image-text label pairs and human instruction-ground truth pairs. To enhance the capability in generating high-quality fault diagnosis reports, we design a multi-scale cross-modal image decoder to extract fine-grained fault semantics and conducted instruction tuning without introducing additional training parameters into the LVLM. Extensive experiments, including fault diagnosis report generation, few-shot and zero-shot evaluation across multiple datasets, validate the superior performance and adaptability of FaultGPT in diverse industrial scenarios.
title FaultGPT: Industrial Fault Diagnosis Question Answering System by Vision Language Models
topic Emerging Technologies
Signal Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.15481