Number Representations in LLMs: A Computational Parallel to Human Perception

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: AlquBoj, H. V., AlQuabeh, Hilal, Bojkovic, Velibor, Hiraoka, Tatsuya, El-Shangiti, Ahmed Oumar, Nwadike, Munachiso, Inui, Kentaro
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author AlquBoj, H. V.
AlQuabeh, Hilal
Bojkovic, Velibor
Hiraoka, Tatsuya
El-Shangiti, Ahmed Oumar
Nwadike, Munachiso
Inui, Kentaro
author_facet AlquBoj, H. V.
AlQuabeh, Hilal
Bojkovic, Velibor
Hiraoka, Tatsuya
El-Shangiti, Ahmed Oumar
Nwadike, Munachiso
Inui, Kentaro
contents Humans are believed to perceive numbers on a logarithmic mental number line, where smaller values are represented with greater resolution than larger ones. This cognitive bias, supported by neuroscience and behavioral studies, suggests that numerical magnitudes are processed in a sublinear fashion rather than on a uniform linear scale. Inspired by this hypothesis, we investigate whether large language models (LLMs) exhibit a similar logarithmic-like structure in their internal numerical representations. By analyzing how numerical values are encoded across different layers of LLMs, we apply dimensionality reduction techniques such as PCA and PLS followed by geometric regression to uncover latent structures in the learned embeddings. Our findings reveal that the model's numerical representations exhibit sublinear spacing, with distances between values aligning with a logarithmic scale. This suggests that LLMs, much like humans, may encode numbers in a compressed, non-uniform manner.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_16147
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Number Representations in LLMs: A Computational Parallel to Human Perception
AlquBoj, H. V.
AlQuabeh, Hilal
Bojkovic, Velibor
Hiraoka, Tatsuya
El-Shangiti, Ahmed Oumar
Nwadike, Munachiso
Inui, Kentaro
Computation and Language
68T50
Humans are believed to perceive numbers on a logarithmic mental number line, where smaller values are represented with greater resolution than larger ones. This cognitive bias, supported by neuroscience and behavioral studies, suggests that numerical magnitudes are processed in a sublinear fashion rather than on a uniform linear scale. Inspired by this hypothesis, we investigate whether large language models (LLMs) exhibit a similar logarithmic-like structure in their internal numerical representations. By analyzing how numerical values are encoded across different layers of LLMs, we apply dimensionality reduction techniques such as PCA and PLS followed by geometric regression to uncover latent structures in the learned embeddings. Our findings reveal that the model's numerical representations exhibit sublinear spacing, with distances between values aligning with a logarithmic scale. This suggests that LLMs, much like humans, may encode numbers in a compressed, non-uniform manner.
title Number Representations in LLMs: A Computational Parallel to Human Perception
topic Computation and Language
68T50
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.16147