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Main Authors: Chen, Yingjian, Liu, Haoran, Liu, Yinhong, Xie, Jinxiang, Yang, Rui, Yuan, Han, Fu, Yanran, Zhou, Peng Yuan, Chen, Qingyu, Caverlee, James, Li, Irene
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.16514
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author Chen, Yingjian
Liu, Haoran
Liu, Yinhong
Xie, Jinxiang
Yang, Rui
Yuan, Han
Fu, Yanran
Zhou, Peng Yuan
Chen, Qingyu
Caverlee, James
Li, Irene
author_facet Chen, Yingjian
Liu, Haoran
Liu, Yinhong
Xie, Jinxiang
Yang, Rui
Yuan, Han
Fu, Yanran
Zhou, Peng Yuan
Chen, Qingyu
Caverlee, James
Li, Irene
contents Large language models (LLMs) are widely used, but they often generate subtle factual errors, especially in long-form text. These errors are fatal in some specialized domains such as medicine. Existing fact-checking with grounding documents methods face two main challenges: (1) they struggle to understand complex multihop relations in long documents, often overlooking subtle factual errors; (2) most specialized methods rely on pairwise comparisons, requiring multiple model calls, leading to high resource and computational costs. To address these challenges, we propose GraphCheck, a fact-checking framework that uses extracted knowledge graphs to enhance text representation. Graph Neural Networks further process these graphs as a soft prompt, enabling LLMs to incorporate structured knowledge more effectively. Enhanced with graph-based reasoning, GraphCheck captures multihop reasoning chains that are often overlooked by existing methods, enabling precise and efficient fact-checking in a single inference call. Experimental results on seven benchmarks spanning both general and medical domains demonstrate up to a 7.1% overall improvement over baseline models. Notably, GraphCheck outperforms existing specialized fact-checkers and achieves comparable performance with state-of-the-art LLMs, such as DeepSeek-V3 and OpenAI-o1, with significantly fewer parameters.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_16514
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle GraphCheck: Breaking Long-Term Text Barriers with Extracted Knowledge Graph-Powered Fact-Checking
Chen, Yingjian
Liu, Haoran
Liu, Yinhong
Xie, Jinxiang
Yang, Rui
Yuan, Han
Fu, Yanran
Zhou, Peng Yuan
Chen, Qingyu
Caverlee, James
Li, Irene
Computation and Language
Large language models (LLMs) are widely used, but they often generate subtle factual errors, especially in long-form text. These errors are fatal in some specialized domains such as medicine. Existing fact-checking with grounding documents methods face two main challenges: (1) they struggle to understand complex multihop relations in long documents, often overlooking subtle factual errors; (2) most specialized methods rely on pairwise comparisons, requiring multiple model calls, leading to high resource and computational costs. To address these challenges, we propose GraphCheck, a fact-checking framework that uses extracted knowledge graphs to enhance text representation. Graph Neural Networks further process these graphs as a soft prompt, enabling LLMs to incorporate structured knowledge more effectively. Enhanced with graph-based reasoning, GraphCheck captures multihop reasoning chains that are often overlooked by existing methods, enabling precise and efficient fact-checking in a single inference call. Experimental results on seven benchmarks spanning both general and medical domains demonstrate up to a 7.1% overall improvement over baseline models. Notably, GraphCheck outperforms existing specialized fact-checkers and achieves comparable performance with state-of-the-art LLMs, such as DeepSeek-V3 and OpenAI-o1, with significantly fewer parameters.
title GraphCheck: Breaking Long-Term Text Barriers with Extracted Knowledge Graph-Powered Fact-Checking
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.16514