Gauge Invariant Effective Potential
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Balui, Debanjan Chakrabortty, Joydeep Dey, Debmalya Mohanty, Subhendra |
| author_facet | Balui, Debanjan Chakrabortty, Joydeep Dey, Debmalya Mohanty, Subhendra |
| contents | We show that the long-standing problem of gauge dependence of the effective potential arises due to the factorisation of the determinant of operators, which is invalid when we take the zeta-regularised trace of the operators. We show by correcting for this assumption by computing the multiplicative anomaly, the gauge-dependent terms of the effective potential cancel. We also show that in two- and odd-dimensional non-compact spacetime manifolds where the multiplicative anomaly term is zero, the standard calculation of one-loop effective potential gives a gauge-independent result. These results are in support of our claim that the multiplicative anomaly may play a crucial role in removing the gauge dependence in the effective potential in the four-dimensional non-compact manifold. Noting the non-trivial aspects of this anomaly computation for a generic scenario, we propose the Heat-Kernel method to compute the effective potential where this anomaly emerges as a total derivative, thus redundant. We explicitly show how one can calculate the gauge independent, effective action and the Coleman-Weinberg effective potential by employing the Heat-Kernel method. Based on this result, we advocate the Heat-Kernel expansion as the most straightforward method, as it naturally deals with the matrix elliptic operator for the calculation of manifestly gauge independent, effective actions compared to other conventional methods. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_17156 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Gauge Invariant Effective Potential Balui, Debanjan Chakrabortty, Joydeep Dey, Debmalya Mohanty, Subhendra High Energy Physics - Theory General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Phenomenology We show that the long-standing problem of gauge dependence of the effective potential arises due to the factorisation of the determinant of operators, which is invalid when we take the zeta-regularised trace of the operators. We show by correcting for this assumption by computing the multiplicative anomaly, the gauge-dependent terms of the effective potential cancel. We also show that in two- and odd-dimensional non-compact spacetime manifolds where the multiplicative anomaly term is zero, the standard calculation of one-loop effective potential gives a gauge-independent result. These results are in support of our claim that the multiplicative anomaly may play a crucial role in removing the gauge dependence in the effective potential in the four-dimensional non-compact manifold. Noting the non-trivial aspects of this anomaly computation for a generic scenario, we propose the Heat-Kernel method to compute the effective potential where this anomaly emerges as a total derivative, thus redundant. We explicitly show how one can calculate the gauge independent, effective action and the Coleman-Weinberg effective potential by employing the Heat-Kernel method. Based on this result, we advocate the Heat-Kernel expansion as the most straightforward method, as it naturally deals with the matrix elliptic operator for the calculation of manifestly gauge independent, effective actions compared to other conventional methods. |
| title | Gauge Invariant Effective Potential |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Theory General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.17156 |