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Main Authors: Brown, Lucas, Profumo, Stefano, Gangadharan, Aditi, Koç, Zeynep Su
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.18693
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author Brown, Lucas
Profumo, Stefano
Gangadharan, Aditi
Koç, Zeynep Su
author_facet Brown, Lucas
Profumo, Stefano
Gangadharan, Aditi
Koç, Zeynep Su
contents A strong first-order phase transition in a dark sector may produce all or part of the low-frequency gravitational wave signal recently reported by the NANOGrav Collaboration and other pulsar timing arrays. Here we point out, with a simple toy model, that even if the amplitude of the gravitational wave background from the dark phase transition is insufficient to match the NANOGrav signal, a modified expansion rate at early times may considerably enhance the gravitational wave signal. In particular, a faster-than-standard expansion rate, triggered, for instance, by the presence of one or more additional sources of energy density redshifting with higher powers of temperatures than radiation, boosts upper limits on the gravitational wave signal from first-order cosmological phase transitions, enlarging the slate of possible dark sector scenarios matching the NANOGrav signal.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_18693
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Louder Gravitational Wave Bang from a Fast-Expanding Universe
Brown, Lucas
Profumo, Stefano
Gangadharan, Aditi
Koç, Zeynep Su
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
High Energy Physics - Theory
A strong first-order phase transition in a dark sector may produce all or part of the low-frequency gravitational wave signal recently reported by the NANOGrav Collaboration and other pulsar timing arrays. Here we point out, with a simple toy model, that even if the amplitude of the gravitational wave background from the dark phase transition is insufficient to match the NANOGrav signal, a modified expansion rate at early times may considerably enhance the gravitational wave signal. In particular, a faster-than-standard expansion rate, triggered, for instance, by the presence of one or more additional sources of energy density redshifting with higher powers of temperatures than radiation, boosts upper limits on the gravitational wave signal from first-order cosmological phase transitions, enlarging the slate of possible dark sector scenarios matching the NANOGrav signal.
title A Louder Gravitational Wave Bang from a Fast-Expanding Universe
topic Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
High Energy Physics - Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.18693