_version_ 1866916023481925632
author Das, Kaustav K.
Kasliwal, Mansi M.
Fremling, Christoffer
Sollerman, Jesper
Perley, Daniel A.
De, Kishalay
Tzanidakis, Anastasios
Sit, Tawny
Adams, Scott
Anand, Shreya
Ahumuda, Tomas
Andreoni, Igor
Brennan, Sean
Brink, Thomas
Bruch, Rachel J.
Chen, Ping
Chu, Matthew R.
Cook, David O.
Covarrubias, Sofia
Dahiwale, Aishwarya
Earley, Nicholas
Ho, Anna Y. Q.
Gal-Yam, Avishay
Gangopadhyay, Anjasha
Hammerstein, Erica
Hinds, K-Ryan
Karambelkar, Viraj
Kong, Yihan
Kulkarni, S. R.
Laz, Theophile Jegou du
Liu, Chang
Meynardie, William
Miller, Adam A.
Nir, Guy
Patra, Kishore C.
Pessi, Priscila J.
Rich, R. Michael
Rehemtulla, Nabeel
Rose, Sam
Rusholme, Ben
Schulze, Steve
Sharma, Yashvi
Singh, Avinash
Smith, Roger
Stein, Robert
Mandigo-Stoba, Milan Sharma
Strotjohann, Nora L.
Qin, Yu-Jing
Wise, Jacob
Wold, Avery
Yan, Lin
Yang, Yi
Yao, Yuhan
Zimmerman, Erez
author_facet Das, Kaustav K.
Kasliwal, Mansi M.
Fremling, Christoffer
Sollerman, Jesper
Perley, Daniel A.
De, Kishalay
Tzanidakis, Anastasios
Sit, Tawny
Adams, Scott
Anand, Shreya
Ahumuda, Tomas
Andreoni, Igor
Brennan, Sean
Brink, Thomas
Bruch, Rachel J.
Chen, Ping
Chu, Matthew R.
Cook, David O.
Covarrubias, Sofia
Dahiwale, Aishwarya
Earley, Nicholas
Ho, Anna Y. Q.
Gal-Yam, Avishay
Gangopadhyay, Anjasha
Hammerstein, Erica
Hinds, K-Ryan
Karambelkar, Viraj
Kong, Yihan
Kulkarni, S. R.
Laz, Theophile Jegou du
Liu, Chang
Meynardie, William
Miller, Adam A.
Nir, Guy
Patra, Kishore C.
Pessi, Priscila J.
Rich, R. Michael
Rehemtulla, Nabeel
Rose, Sam
Rusholme, Ben
Schulze, Steve
Sharma, Yashvi
Singh, Avinash
Smith, Roger
Stein, Robert
Mandigo-Stoba, Milan Sharma
Strotjohann, Nora L.
Qin, Yu-Jing
Wise, Jacob
Wold, Avery
Yan, Lin
Yang, Yi
Yao, Yuhan
Zimmerman, Erez
contents We present the luminosity function and volumetric rate of a sample of Type IIP supernovae (SNe) from the Zwicky Transient Facility Census of the Local Universe survey (CLU). This is the largest sample of Type IIP SNe from a systematic volume-limited survey to-date. The final sample includes 330 Type IIP SNe and 36 low-luminosity Type II (LLIIP) SNe with $M_{\textrm{r,peak}}>-16$ mag, which triples the literature sample of LLIIP SNe. The fraction of LLIIP SNe is $19^{+3}_{-4}\%$ of the total CLU Type IIP SNe population ($8^{+1}_{-2}\%$ of all core-collapse SNe). This implies that while LLIIP SNe likely represent the fate of core-collapse SNe of $8-12$ \Msun\ progenitors, they alone cannot account for the fate of all massive stars in this mass range. To derive an absolute rate, we estimate the ZTF pipeline efficiency as a function of the apparent magnitude and the local surface brightness. We derive a volumetric rate of $(3.9_{-0.4}^{+0.4}) \times 10^{4}\ \textrm{Gpc}^{-3}\ \textrm{yr}^{-1}$ for Type IIP SNe and $(7.3_{-0.6}^{+0.6}) \times 10^{3}\ \textrm{Gpc}^{-3}\ \textrm{yr}^{-1}$ for LLIIP SNe. Now that the rate of LLIIP SNe is robustly derived, the unresolved discrepancy between core-collapse SN rates and star-formation rates cannot be explained by LLIIP SNe alone.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_19493
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Low-Luminosity Type IIP Supernovae from the Zwicky Transient Facility Census of the Local Universe. I: Luminosity Function, Volumetric Rate
Das, Kaustav K.
Kasliwal, Mansi M.
Fremling, Christoffer
Sollerman, Jesper
Perley, Daniel A.
De, Kishalay
Tzanidakis, Anastasios
Sit, Tawny
Adams, Scott
Anand, Shreya
Ahumuda, Tomas
Andreoni, Igor
Brennan, Sean
Brink, Thomas
Bruch, Rachel J.
Chen, Ping
Chu, Matthew R.
Cook, David O.
Covarrubias, Sofia
Dahiwale, Aishwarya
Earley, Nicholas
Ho, Anna Y. Q.
Gal-Yam, Avishay
Gangopadhyay, Anjasha
Hammerstein, Erica
Hinds, K-Ryan
Karambelkar, Viraj
Kong, Yihan
Kulkarni, S. R.
Laz, Theophile Jegou du
Liu, Chang
Meynardie, William
Miller, Adam A.
Nir, Guy
Patra, Kishore C.
Pessi, Priscila J.
Rich, R. Michael
Rehemtulla, Nabeel
Rose, Sam
Rusholme, Ben
Schulze, Steve
Sharma, Yashvi
Singh, Avinash
Smith, Roger
Stein, Robert
Mandigo-Stoba, Milan Sharma
Strotjohann, Nora L.
Qin, Yu-Jing
Wise, Jacob
Wold, Avery
Yan, Lin
Yang, Yi
Yao, Yuhan
Zimmerman, Erez
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
We present the luminosity function and volumetric rate of a sample of Type IIP supernovae (SNe) from the Zwicky Transient Facility Census of the Local Universe survey (CLU). This is the largest sample of Type IIP SNe from a systematic volume-limited survey to-date. The final sample includes 330 Type IIP SNe and 36 low-luminosity Type II (LLIIP) SNe with $M_{\textrm{r,peak}}>-16$ mag, which triples the literature sample of LLIIP SNe. The fraction of LLIIP SNe is $19^{+3}_{-4}\%$ of the total CLU Type IIP SNe population ($8^{+1}_{-2}\%$ of all core-collapse SNe). This implies that while LLIIP SNe likely represent the fate of core-collapse SNe of $8-12$ \Msun\ progenitors, they alone cannot account for the fate of all massive stars in this mass range. To derive an absolute rate, we estimate the ZTF pipeline efficiency as a function of the apparent magnitude and the local surface brightness. We derive a volumetric rate of $(3.9_{-0.4}^{+0.4}) \times 10^{4}\ \textrm{Gpc}^{-3}\ \textrm{yr}^{-1}$ for Type IIP SNe and $(7.3_{-0.6}^{+0.6}) \times 10^{3}\ \textrm{Gpc}^{-3}\ \textrm{yr}^{-1}$ for LLIIP SNe. Now that the rate of LLIIP SNe is robustly derived, the unresolved discrepancy between core-collapse SN rates and star-formation rates cannot be explained by LLIIP SNe alone.
title Low-Luminosity Type IIP Supernovae from the Zwicky Transient Facility Census of the Local Universe. I: Luminosity Function, Volumetric Rate
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.19493