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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.19493 |
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| _version_ | 1866916023481925632 |
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| author | Das, Kaustav K. Kasliwal, Mansi M. Fremling, Christoffer Sollerman, Jesper Perley, Daniel A. De, Kishalay Tzanidakis, Anastasios Sit, Tawny Adams, Scott Anand, Shreya Ahumuda, Tomas Andreoni, Igor Brennan, Sean Brink, Thomas Bruch, Rachel J. Chen, Ping Chu, Matthew R. Cook, David O. Covarrubias, Sofia Dahiwale, Aishwarya Earley, Nicholas Ho, Anna Y. Q. Gal-Yam, Avishay Gangopadhyay, Anjasha Hammerstein, Erica Hinds, K-Ryan Karambelkar, Viraj Kong, Yihan Kulkarni, S. R. Laz, Theophile Jegou du Liu, Chang Meynardie, William Miller, Adam A. Nir, Guy Patra, Kishore C. Pessi, Priscila J. Rich, R. Michael Rehemtulla, Nabeel Rose, Sam Rusholme, Ben Schulze, Steve Sharma, Yashvi Singh, Avinash Smith, Roger Stein, Robert Mandigo-Stoba, Milan Sharma Strotjohann, Nora L. Qin, Yu-Jing Wise, Jacob Wold, Avery Yan, Lin Yang, Yi Yao, Yuhan Zimmerman, Erez |
| author_facet | Das, Kaustav K. Kasliwal, Mansi M. Fremling, Christoffer Sollerman, Jesper Perley, Daniel A. De, Kishalay Tzanidakis, Anastasios Sit, Tawny Adams, Scott Anand, Shreya Ahumuda, Tomas Andreoni, Igor Brennan, Sean Brink, Thomas Bruch, Rachel J. Chen, Ping Chu, Matthew R. Cook, David O. Covarrubias, Sofia Dahiwale, Aishwarya Earley, Nicholas Ho, Anna Y. Q. Gal-Yam, Avishay Gangopadhyay, Anjasha Hammerstein, Erica Hinds, K-Ryan Karambelkar, Viraj Kong, Yihan Kulkarni, S. R. Laz, Theophile Jegou du Liu, Chang Meynardie, William Miller, Adam A. Nir, Guy Patra, Kishore C. Pessi, Priscila J. Rich, R. Michael Rehemtulla, Nabeel Rose, Sam Rusholme, Ben Schulze, Steve Sharma, Yashvi Singh, Avinash Smith, Roger Stein, Robert Mandigo-Stoba, Milan Sharma Strotjohann, Nora L. Qin, Yu-Jing Wise, Jacob Wold, Avery Yan, Lin Yang, Yi Yao, Yuhan Zimmerman, Erez |
| contents | We present the luminosity function and volumetric rate of a sample of Type IIP supernovae (SNe) from the Zwicky Transient Facility Census of the Local Universe survey (CLU). This is the largest sample of Type IIP SNe from a systematic volume-limited survey to-date. The final sample includes 330 Type IIP SNe and 36 low-luminosity Type II (LLIIP) SNe with $M_{\textrm{r,peak}}>-16$ mag, which triples the literature sample of LLIIP SNe. The fraction of LLIIP SNe is $19^{+3}_{-4}\%$ of the total CLU Type IIP SNe population ($8^{+1}_{-2}\%$ of all core-collapse SNe). This implies that while LLIIP SNe likely represent the fate of core-collapse SNe of $8-12$ \Msun\ progenitors, they alone cannot account for the fate of all massive stars in this mass range. To derive an absolute rate, we estimate the ZTF pipeline efficiency as a function of the apparent magnitude and the local surface brightness. We derive a volumetric rate of $(3.9_{-0.4}^{+0.4}) \times 10^{4}\ \textrm{Gpc}^{-3}\ \textrm{yr}^{-1}$ for Type IIP SNe and $(7.3_{-0.6}^{+0.6}) \times 10^{3}\ \textrm{Gpc}^{-3}\ \textrm{yr}^{-1}$ for LLIIP SNe. Now that the rate of LLIIP SNe is robustly derived, the unresolved discrepancy between core-collapse SN rates and star-formation rates cannot be explained by LLIIP SNe alone. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_19493 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Low-Luminosity Type IIP Supernovae from the Zwicky Transient Facility Census of the Local Universe. I: Luminosity Function, Volumetric Rate Das, Kaustav K. Kasliwal, Mansi M. Fremling, Christoffer Sollerman, Jesper Perley, Daniel A. De, Kishalay Tzanidakis, Anastasios Sit, Tawny Adams, Scott Anand, Shreya Ahumuda, Tomas Andreoni, Igor Brennan, Sean Brink, Thomas Bruch, Rachel J. Chen, Ping Chu, Matthew R. Cook, David O. Covarrubias, Sofia Dahiwale, Aishwarya Earley, Nicholas Ho, Anna Y. Q. Gal-Yam, Avishay Gangopadhyay, Anjasha Hammerstein, Erica Hinds, K-Ryan Karambelkar, Viraj Kong, Yihan Kulkarni, S. R. Laz, Theophile Jegou du Liu, Chang Meynardie, William Miller, Adam A. Nir, Guy Patra, Kishore C. Pessi, Priscila J. Rich, R. Michael Rehemtulla, Nabeel Rose, Sam Rusholme, Ben Schulze, Steve Sharma, Yashvi Singh, Avinash Smith, Roger Stein, Robert Mandigo-Stoba, Milan Sharma Strotjohann, Nora L. Qin, Yu-Jing Wise, Jacob Wold, Avery Yan, Lin Yang, Yi Yao, Yuhan Zimmerman, Erez High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Solar and Stellar Astrophysics We present the luminosity function and volumetric rate of a sample of Type IIP supernovae (SNe) from the Zwicky Transient Facility Census of the Local Universe survey (CLU). This is the largest sample of Type IIP SNe from a systematic volume-limited survey to-date. The final sample includes 330 Type IIP SNe and 36 low-luminosity Type II (LLIIP) SNe with $M_{\textrm{r,peak}}>-16$ mag, which triples the literature sample of LLIIP SNe. The fraction of LLIIP SNe is $19^{+3}_{-4}\%$ of the total CLU Type IIP SNe population ($8^{+1}_{-2}\%$ of all core-collapse SNe). This implies that while LLIIP SNe likely represent the fate of core-collapse SNe of $8-12$ \Msun\ progenitors, they alone cannot account for the fate of all massive stars in this mass range. To derive an absolute rate, we estimate the ZTF pipeline efficiency as a function of the apparent magnitude and the local surface brightness. We derive a volumetric rate of $(3.9_{-0.4}^{+0.4}) \times 10^{4}\ \textrm{Gpc}^{-3}\ \textrm{yr}^{-1}$ for Type IIP SNe and $(7.3_{-0.6}^{+0.6}) \times 10^{3}\ \textrm{Gpc}^{-3}\ \textrm{yr}^{-1}$ for LLIIP SNe. Now that the rate of LLIIP SNe is robustly derived, the unresolved discrepancy between core-collapse SN rates and star-formation rates cannot be explained by LLIIP SNe alone. |
| title | Low-Luminosity Type IIP Supernovae from the Zwicky Transient Facility Census of the Local Universe. I: Luminosity Function, Volumetric Rate |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Solar and Stellar Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.19493 |