Neutrino Emission and Plasma Heating from Primordial Black Holes: An Improved Approach to $N_\mathrm{eff}$ Constraints
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866914016658456576 |
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| author | Sanchis, Héctor Barenboim, Gabriela Perez-Gonzalez, Yuber F. |
| author_facet | Sanchis, Héctor Barenboim, Gabriela Perez-Gonzalez, Yuber F. |
| contents | We investigate the impact of neutrino emission via Hawking radiation from primordial black holes (PBHs) on the cosmological effective number of neutrino species, $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$, after neutrino decoupling. By comparing this effect with observational limits, we derive bounds on the abundance of light PBHs. Our analysis incorporates two previously unaccounted-for effects: the emission of secondary neutrinos from unstable particles, which increases $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$, and the modification of the neutrino-photon temperature ratio due to particle emission heating the photon plasma, which lowers $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$. Overall, including these effects allows us to impose constraints on PBHs with initial masses in the range $10^9~{\rm g}\lesssim M_{\rm ini} \lesssim 10^{13}~{\rm g}$. However, our limits remain less stringent than those derived from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_19498 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Neutrino Emission and Plasma Heating from Primordial Black Holes: An Improved Approach to $N_\mathrm{eff}$ Constraints Sanchis, Héctor Barenboim, Gabriela Perez-Gonzalez, Yuber F. Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Physics - Phenomenology We investigate the impact of neutrino emission via Hawking radiation from primordial black holes (PBHs) on the cosmological effective number of neutrino species, $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$, after neutrino decoupling. By comparing this effect with observational limits, we derive bounds on the abundance of light PBHs. Our analysis incorporates two previously unaccounted-for effects: the emission of secondary neutrinos from unstable particles, which increases $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$, and the modification of the neutrino-photon temperature ratio due to particle emission heating the photon plasma, which lowers $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$. Overall, including these effects allows us to impose constraints on PBHs with initial masses in the range $10^9~{\rm g}\lesssim M_{\rm ini} \lesssim 10^{13}~{\rm g}$. However, our limits remain less stringent than those derived from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. |
| title | Neutrino Emission and Plasma Heating from Primordial Black Holes: An Improved Approach to $N_\mathrm{eff}$ Constraints |
| topic | Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.19498 |