Number of partitions of modular integers (with an Appendix by P. Deligne)

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Broadhurst, David, Roulleau, Xavier
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Broadhurst, David
Roulleau, Xavier
author_facet Broadhurst, David
Roulleau, Xavier
contents For integers $n,k,s$, we give a formula for the number $T(n,k,s)$ of order $k$ subsets of the ring $\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$ whose sum of elements is $s$ modulo $n$. To do so, we describe explicitly a sequence of matrices $M(k)$, for positive integers $k$, such that the size of $M(k)$ is the number of divisors of $k$, and for two coprime integers $k_{1},k_{2}$, the matrix $M(k_{1}k_{2})$ is the Kronecker product of $M(k_{1})$ and $M(k_{2})$. For $s=0, 1, 2$, and for $s=k/2$ when $k$ is even, the sequences $T(n,k,s)$ are related to the number of necklaces with $k$ black beads and $n-k$ white beads, and to Lyndon words. This work begins with empirical determinations of $M(k)$ up to $k=10000$, from which we infer a closed formula that encompasses many entries in the Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. Its proof comes from work on Ramanujan sums, by Ramanathan, with a generalization to wider problems linked to representation theory and recently described by Deligne.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2502_19523
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Number of partitions of modular integers (with an Appendix by P. Deligne)
Broadhurst, David
Roulleau, Xavier
Number Theory
High Energy Physics - Theory
Combinatorics
11B30
For integers $n,k,s$, we give a formula for the number $T(n,k,s)$ of order $k$ subsets of the ring $\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$ whose sum of elements is $s$ modulo $n$. To do so, we describe explicitly a sequence of matrices $M(k)$, for positive integers $k$, such that the size of $M(k)$ is the number of divisors of $k$, and for two coprime integers $k_{1},k_{2}$, the matrix $M(k_{1}k_{2})$ is the Kronecker product of $M(k_{1})$ and $M(k_{2})$. For $s=0, 1, 2$, and for $s=k/2$ when $k$ is even, the sequences $T(n,k,s)$ are related to the number of necklaces with $k$ black beads and $n-k$ white beads, and to Lyndon words. This work begins with empirical determinations of $M(k)$ up to $k=10000$, from which we infer a closed formula that encompasses many entries in the Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. Its proof comes from work on Ramanujan sums, by Ramanathan, with a generalization to wider problems linked to representation theory and recently described by Deligne.
title Number of partitions of modular integers (with an Appendix by P. Deligne)
topic Number Theory
High Energy Physics - Theory
Combinatorics
11B30
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.19523