AI-Augmented Thyroid Scintigraphy for Robust Classification

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Sabouri, Maziar, Hajianfar, Ghasem, Sardouei, Alireza Rafiei, Yazdani, Milad, Asadzadeh, Azin, Bagheri, Soroush, Arabi, Mohsen, Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul, Askari, Emran, Aghaee, Atena, Wiseman, Sam, Shahriari, Dena, Zaidi, Habib, Rahmim, Arman
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Sabouri, Maziar
Hajianfar, Ghasem
Sardouei, Alireza Rafiei
Yazdani, Milad
Asadzadeh, Azin
Bagheri, Soroush
Arabi, Mohsen
Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul
Askari, Emran
Aghaee, Atena
Wiseman, Sam
Shahriari, Dena
Zaidi, Habib
Rahmim, Arman
author_facet Sabouri, Maziar
Hajianfar, Ghasem
Sardouei, Alireza Rafiei
Yazdani, Milad
Asadzadeh, Azin
Bagheri, Soroush
Arabi, Mohsen
Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul
Askari, Emran
Aghaee, Atena
Wiseman, Sam
Shahriari, Dena
Zaidi, Habib
Rahmim, Arman
contents Purpose: Thyroid scintigraphy plays a vital role in diagnosing a range of thyroid disorders. While deep learning classification models hold significant promise in this domain, their effectiveness is frequently compromised by limited and imbalanced datasets. This study investigates the impact of three data augmentation strategies including Stable Diffusion (SD), Flow Matching (FM), and Conventional Augmentation (CA), on enhancing the performance of a ResNet18 classifier. Methods: Anterior thyroid scintigraphy images from 2,954 patients across nine medical centers were classified into four categories: Diffuse Goiter (DG), Nodular Goiter (NG), Normal (NL), and Thyroiditis (TI). Data augmentation was performed using various SD and FM models, resulting in 18 distinct augmentation scenarios. Each augmented dataset was used to train a ResNet18 classifier. Model performance was assessed using class-wise and average precision, recall, F1-score, AUC, and image fidelity metrics (FID and KID). Results: FM-based augmentation outperformed all other methods, achieving the highest classification accuracy and lowest FID/KID scores, indicating both improved model generalization and realistic image synthesis. SD1, combining image and prompt inputs in the inference process, was the most effective SD variant, suggesting that physician-generated prompts provide meaningful clinical context. O+FM+CA yielded the most balanced and robust performance across all classes. Conclusion: Integrating FM and clinically-informed SD augmentation, especially when guided by expert prompts, substantially improves thyroid scintigraphy classification. These findings highlight the importance of leveraging both structured medical input and advanced generative models for more effective training on limited datasets.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_00366
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle AI-Augmented Thyroid Scintigraphy for Robust Classification
Sabouri, Maziar
Hajianfar, Ghasem
Sardouei, Alireza Rafiei
Yazdani, Milad
Asadzadeh, Azin
Bagheri, Soroush
Arabi, Mohsen
Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul
Askari, Emran
Aghaee, Atena
Wiseman, Sam
Shahriari, Dena
Zaidi, Habib
Rahmim, Arman
Medical Physics
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Purpose: Thyroid scintigraphy plays a vital role in diagnosing a range of thyroid disorders. While deep learning classification models hold significant promise in this domain, their effectiveness is frequently compromised by limited and imbalanced datasets. This study investigates the impact of three data augmentation strategies including Stable Diffusion (SD), Flow Matching (FM), and Conventional Augmentation (CA), on enhancing the performance of a ResNet18 classifier. Methods: Anterior thyroid scintigraphy images from 2,954 patients across nine medical centers were classified into four categories: Diffuse Goiter (DG), Nodular Goiter (NG), Normal (NL), and Thyroiditis (TI). Data augmentation was performed using various SD and FM models, resulting in 18 distinct augmentation scenarios. Each augmented dataset was used to train a ResNet18 classifier. Model performance was assessed using class-wise and average precision, recall, F1-score, AUC, and image fidelity metrics (FID and KID). Results: FM-based augmentation outperformed all other methods, achieving the highest classification accuracy and lowest FID/KID scores, indicating both improved model generalization and realistic image synthesis. SD1, combining image and prompt inputs in the inference process, was the most effective SD variant, suggesting that physician-generated prompts provide meaningful clinical context. O+FM+CA yielded the most balanced and robust performance across all classes. Conclusion: Integrating FM and clinically-informed SD augmentation, especially when guided by expert prompts, substantially improves thyroid scintigraphy classification. These findings highlight the importance of leveraging both structured medical input and advanced generative models for more effective training on limited datasets.
title AI-Augmented Thyroid Scintigraphy for Robust Classification
topic Medical Physics
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.00366